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((More citations needed|date=May 2020))((For|similar terms with different meanings|Open enrollment (disambiguation)))
 
In the United States, '''annual enrollment''' (also known as '''open enrollment''' or '''open season''') is a period of time, usually but not always occurring once per year, when employees of companies and organizations, including the government,<ref name="auto1">((Cite web|title=Open Season|url=https://www.opm.gov/healthcare-insurance/open-season|access-date=2020-10-27|website=U.S. Office of Personnel Management|language=en))</ref> may make changes to their elected [[fringe benefit|employee benefit]] options, such as [[health insurance]].  The term also applies to the annual period<ref name="auto">((Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=State Enrollment Deadlines|url=https://www.annualopenenrollment.com/learn-about-health-care/state-enrollment-deadlines/|access-date=2020-10-27|website=Annual Open Enrollment|language=en-US))</ref> during which individuals may buy individual health insurance plans through the online, state-based [[health insurance exchange]]s established by the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]]. Prior to January 1, 2014 insurers offering individual medical coverage typically allowed new members passing underwriting to enroll at any time throughout the year. 

Annual enrollment is also prominent in [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]], where almost 50 million enrollees can choose to stay in original Medicare, or join or change plans within the [[Medicare Advantage]] and [[Medicare Part D]] Prescription Drug programs for the coming calendar year. Individuals usually can make changes to, or sign up for, their health insurance or fringe benefits only once per year<ref name="auto"/> during the annual enrollment period or when they have experienced a specific [[qualifying event]].<ref>((Cite web|title=2020 Medicare Annual Enrollment Period|url=https://www.medicarefaq.com/faqs/medicare-annual-enrollment-period/|website=MedicareFAQ|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-21))</ref> Open enrollment periods are used in insurance markets to limit adverse selection risks resulting when enrollees can switch plans at will.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Decarolis |first1=Francesco |last2=Guglielmo |first2=Andrea |last3=Luscombe |first3=Calvin |title=Open Enrollment Periods and Plan Choices |journal=National Bureau of Economic Research, No. W24156 |date=2017|doi=10.3386/w24156 |s2cid=168942702 |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w24156))</ref>

During this time period, an employer will typically communicate to all eligible employees what options they have for their benefit program.  Often the vendors or insurance providers will be present to explain the details of their products. This can be done either with group presentations, "benefit fairs" or meetings one on one with each employee. As travel expenses continue to rise many vendors and insurance providers have turned to using independent "contract enrollers" to do the communication on their behalf. Some companies and organizations distinguish between an active enrollment benefits election period, where employees must re-review or confirm their benefits selections for the coming year, and a passive enrollment benefits election period, where employees are automatically renewed with their existing benefits selections from the current year if no action is taken.<ref>((cite web |last1=Miller |first1=Stephen |title=Open Enrollment: Active vs. Passive Benefits Election |url=https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/benefits/pages/active-vs-passive-enrollment.aspx |website=SHRM |access-date=15 November 2021 |date=8 September 2017))</ref>

Open season is a prominent feature of the [[Federal Employees Health Benefits Program]] during which some three million federal civilian employees and retirees may choose among several dozen health insurance plans<ref name="auto1"/> for the coming year. Open season is scheduled in the fall each year, and plan enrollment decisions take effect in the following calendar year.

== Annual enrollment under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ==

Under the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]], annual enrollment, or open enrollment, is the period that people in the United States who need health insurance can sign up for an individual insurance plan. Unless someone experiences a "qualifying event" (a change in personal circumstances such as getting married or having a baby<ref>((Cite web|title=Qualifying Life Event (QLE) - HealthCare.gov Glossary|url=https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/qualifying-life-event/|access-date=2022-02-14|website=HealthCare.gov|language=en))</ref>) outside of the annual enrollment period, annual enrollment is the only time to sign up for individual health insurance under the Affordable Care Act. Annual enrollment used to last for three months; the 2016 cycle lasted from November 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016. The 2018 annual enrollment cycle was reduced to 45 days (in most states) from November 1, 2017 to December 15, 2017.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.healthcare.gov/quick-guide/dates-and-deadlines/|title=Official Marketplace Dates and Deadlines|website=HealthCare.gov))</ref> 

Acting during the annual enrollment period is vital for any individual who wishes to buy individual health insurance.  During annual enrollment anyone who wants to purchase insurance through the public exchange has the opportunity to do so despite circumstances, such as health or age.  Outside annual enrollment, it can be difficult to obtain insurance, either public or private unless circumstances dictate.<ref>[http://www.eventusg.com/blog/affordable-care-act-open-enrollment Affordable Care Act - Open Enrollment] Eventus Solutions, November 2014</ref>

== States open enrollment dates for 2021 ==
{| class="wikitable"
!State
!Enrollment date
|-
|Alabama
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Alaska
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Arizona
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Arkansas
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|California
|October 15, 2020 – January 31, 2021
|-
|Colorado
|October 15, 2020 – January 15, 2021
|-
|Connecticut
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Delaware
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Florida
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Georgia
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Hawaii
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Idaho
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Illinois
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Indiana
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Iowa
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Kansas
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Kentucky
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Louisiana
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Maine
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Maryland
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Massachusetts
|October 15, 2020 – January 23, 2021
|-
|Michigan
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Minnesota
|November 1, 2020 – December 22, 2020
|-
|Mississippi
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Missouri
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Montana
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Nebraska
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Nevada
|November 1, 2020 – January 15, 2021
|-
|New Hampshire
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|New Jersey
|November 1, 2020 – January 31, 2021
|-
|New Mexico
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|New York
|October 15, 2020 – January 31, 2021
|-
|North Carolina
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|North Dakota
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Ohio
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Oklahoma
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Oregon
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Pennsylvania
|November 1, 2020 – January 15, 2021
|-
|Rhode Island
|October 15, 2020 – December 31, 2020
|-
|South Carolina
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|South Dakota
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Tennessee
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Texas
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Utah
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Vermont
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Virginia
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Washington
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Washington DC
|October 15, 2020 – January 31, 2021
|-
|West Virginia
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Wisconsin
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|-
|Wyoming
|November 1, 2020 – December 15, 2020
|}
Source:<ref>((Cite web|date=2020-09-25|title=State Enrollment Deadlines|url=https://www.annualopenenrollment.com/learn-about-health-care/state-enrollment-deadlines/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=Annual Open Enrollment|language=en-US))</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Fiscal year]]
* [[Health care sharing ministry]]

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Employee benefits]]


((business-stub))

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