Antimicrobial chemotherapy is the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases.

There are five types of antimicrobial chemotherapy:^{[citation needed]}

• Antibacterial chemotherapy, the use of antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections
• Antifungal chemotherapy, the use of antifungal drugs to treat fungal infections
• Anthelminthic chemotherapy, the use of antihelminthic drugs to treat worm infections
• Antiprotozoal chemotherapy, the use of antiprotozoal drugs to treat protozoan infections
• Antiviral chemotherapy, the use of antiviral drugs to treat viral infections