Antoine Louis
Professor Antoine Louis in 1778
Born(1723-02-13)13 February 1723
Metz, France
Died20 May 1792(1792-05-20) (aged 69)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Occupation(s)surgeon and physiologist
Known forinventing the guillotine or louisette

Antoine Louis (French: [ɑ̃twan lwi]; 13 February 1723, Metz – 20 May 1792) was an 18th-century French surgeon and physiologist.

He was originally trained in medicine by his father, a sergeant major at a local military hospital. As a young man he moved to Paris, where he served as gagnant-maîtrise at the Salpêtrière. In 1750 he was appointed professor of physiology, a position he held for 40 years. In 1764 he was appointed lifetime secretary to the Académie Royale de Chirurgie.

Louis published numerous articles on surgery, including several biographies of surgeons who died in his lifetime. He also published the surgical aphorisms of Dutch physician Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738).

Louis is credited with designing a prototype of the guillotine. For a period of time after its invention, the guillotine was called a louisette. However, it was later named after French physician Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814), whose advocacy of a more humane method of capital punishment prompted the guillotine's design.

The "angle of Louis" is another name for the sternal angle, which is the point of junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

Works and publications

Mémoire contre la légitimité des naissances prétendues tardives, 1764
  1. tome premier Texte intégral.
  2. tome second Texte intégral.

Bibliography