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((Short description|Spanish politician (1853–1925)))
((refimprove|date=August 2016))
((family name hatnote|Maura|Montaner|lang=Spanish))
((Infobox Officeholder
|honorific_prefix   = [[The Most Excellent]]
|name               = Antonio Maura
|image              = Antonio Maura, de Kaulak.jpg
|caption            = Photograph by [[Kaulak]] 
| office         = [[Prime Minister of Spain]]
| monarch1       = [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]]
| term_start1    = 5 December 1903
| term_end1      = 16 December 1904
| succeeding1    =  <!--For President-elect or equivalent-->
| predecessor1   = [[Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde, Marquis of Pozo Rubio|Raimundo Fernández]]
| successor1     = [[Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero|Marcelo Azcárraga]]
| monarch2       = Alfonso XIII
| term_start2    = 25 January 1907
| term_end2      = 21 October 1909
| predecessor2   = [[Antonio Aguilar y Correa|Antonio González de Aguilar]]
| successor2     = [[Segismundo Moret]]
| monarch3       = Alfonso XIII
| term_start3    = 22 March 1918
| term_end3      = 9 November 1918
| predecessor3   = [[Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas|Manuel García Prieto]]
| successor3     = [[Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas|Manuel García Prieto]]
| monarch4       = Alfonso XIII
| term_start4    = 14 April 1919
| term_end4      = 20 July 1919
| predecessor4   = [[Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones|Álvaro de Figueroa]]
| successor4     = [[Joaquín Sánchez de Toca]]
| monarch5       = Alfonso XIII
| term_start5    = 14 August 1921
| term_end5      = 8 March 1922
| predecessor5   = [[Manuel Allendesalazar]]
| successor5     = [[José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez|José Sánchez-Guerra]]
| office6        = Seat ''U'' of the [[Real Academia Española]]
| term_start6    = 29 November 1903
| term_end6      = 13 December 1925
| predecessor6   = ((ill|Isidoro Fernández Flórez|es))
| successor6     = ((ill|Leopoldo Eijo y Garay|es))
| office7        = Director of the [[Real Academia Española]]
| term_start7    = 30 October 1913
| term_end7      = 13 December 1925
| predecessor7   = ((ill|Alejandro Pidal y Mon|es))
| successor7     = [[Ramón Menéndez Pidal]]
|birth_date   = ((birth date|1853|05|02|df=y))
|birth_place  = [[Palma de Mallorca]] (Balearic Islands), Spain
|death_date   = ((death date and age|1925|12|13|1853|05|02|df=y))
|death_place  = [[Torrelodones]] (Madrid), Spain
|birthname    = Antonio Maura Montaner
|signature    = Firma de Antonio Maura.svg
))
((Conservatism in Spain|Politicians))
'''Antonio Maura Montaner''' (2 May 1853&nbsp;– 13 December 1925) was [[Prime Minister of Spain]] on five separate occasions.

== Early life ==
Maura was born in [[Palma de Mallorca|Palma]], on the island of [[Mallorca]], and studied law in [[Madrid]].<ref>[https://theclaptonpress.com/in-place-of-splendour-by-constancia-de-la-mora/ "In Place of Splendour"], Constancia de la Mora, London, Michael Joseph, 1940, p.13</ref> In 1878, Maura married Constancia Gamazo y Calvo, the sister of [[Germán Gamazo]]. They had several sons and a daughter together, many of whom have been prominent in Spanish and European history.

== Political career ==
He entered the ''[[Cortes Generales]]'' in 1881 as a Liberal delegate for Majorca but later joined the [[Liberal-Conservative Party (Spain)|Conservative Party]]. In 1886, Maura was elected vice president of the Congress of Deputies. 

As prime minister, he created the [[Frederick H. Shaw|Spanish Institute of Provision]] and attempted to carry out a reform plan, but it was opposed by the liberals. He fell from power after his suppression of an uprising in [[Barcelona]] in 1909, called the [[Tragic Week (Catalonia)|Tragic Week]]. The execution of [[Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia|Francisco Ferrer]], who was charged with leading the uprising, provoked a European-wide outcry that contributed to Maura's downfall.

Maura was a hero of a youth movement, the ''[[Mauristas]]'', that wanted him as a new head of state of Spain at a time of substantial resentment of King [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]]. That and Maura's ambition caused him to fall out with the King. Maura later headed coalition cabinets with other parties (1918, 1919, 1921–22) but did nothing to advance unconstitutional methods. Many of his followers later supported the dictatorship of [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]], but he remained aloof from both Primo de Rivera and the King. Maura had first entered the political arena to fight the ''[[cacique|caciquismo]]'' culture, which he considered a cancer of Spanish political culture and the main obstacle to authentically-democratic institutions.

When he was prime minister, he spent summers at the estate of ''Can Mossenya'', historically part of the [[Valldemossa Charterhouse]] in [[Mallorca]], and [[Chopin]] and [[George Sand]] had stayed there in the previous century. [[José Martínez Ruiz|Azorín]] traveled from the continent to meet Maura there.<ref>[http://amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/foundation/ The International Foundation Can Mossenya] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195255/http://www.amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/foundation/ |date=2007-09-27 )) Friends of Borges – amigos-de-borges.net</ref> Maura became a prolific watercolourist who often painted scenes of nature or old buildings from past eras.<ref>[https://theclaptonpress.com/in-place-of-splendour-by-constancia-de-la-mora/ "In Place of Splendour"],  Constancia de la Mora, [2nd edition], London, [[The Clapton Press]], 2021, p.50</ref>

He died in [[Torrelodones]], a small town in the Guadarrama mountains, north-west of Madrid, in 1925.<ref>[https://theclaptonpress.com/in-place-of-splendour-by-constancia-de-la-mora/ "In Place of Splendour"],  Constancia de la Mora, [2nd edition], London, The Clapton Press, 2021, p.97</ref> The International Foundation Can Mossenya named an entrance to its historic estate, the "Gate of Friendship – Azorín and Maura", after the men's encounter.<ref>[http://amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/foundation/ "The International Foundation Can Mossenya"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195255/http://www.amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/foundation/ |date=2007-09-27 )), Friends of Borges – amigos-de-borges.net</ref>

==Descendants==
* [[Gabriel Maura|Gabriel Maura y Gamazo]] (son) – historian and Minister of Labour
* Honorio Maura y Gamazo – playwright and monarchist deputy, killed by leftist militia in 1936
* [[Miguel Maura|Miguel Maura y Gamazo]] (son) – Minister of Security
* Susana Maura y Gamazo (mother of Jorge and Carlos Semprún)
* [[Constancia de la Mora|Constancia de la Mora Maura]] (granddaughter) – writer, Foreign Press Officer (Spanish Republic)
* [[Jorge Semprún|Jorge Semprún y Maura]] (grandson) – writer, communist and Minister of Culture
* [[Carlos Semprún|Carlos Semprún y Maura]] grandson) – writer and journalist
* [[Jaime Semprún]] (great-grandson) – writer
* Ricardo Semprún (great-grandson) – diplomat
* [[Pablo Semprún]] (great-grandson) – professional paddle tennis player
* [[Luisa Isabel Alvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia|Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo]] (great-granddaughter)
* [[Jaime Chávarri|Jaime Chávarri y de la Mora]] (great-grandson) – film director.

==See also==
* [[Monument to Antonio Maura]]
* [[Bolshevik triennium]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((commonscat))
* [http://amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/foundation/ International Foundation Can Mossenya – Friends of Jorge Luis Borges] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195255/http://www.amigos-de-borges.net/site/english/foundation/ |date=2007-09-27 ))
* ((PM20|FID=pe/019537))

((SpanishPrimeMinisters))
((RAE seat uppercase U))
((Directors of RAE))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Maura, Antonio))
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Palma de Mallorca]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Spanish Academy]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (Spain) politicians]]
[[Category:Justice ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Leaders of political parties in Spain]]
[[Category:Interior ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Overseas ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]

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