Aotea Harbour (Māori: Aotea Moana) is a settlement and smallest of three large natural inlets in the Tasman Sea coast of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island.[1] It is located between Raglan Harbour to the north and Kawhia Harbour to the south, 30 kilometres southwest of Hamilton.
Looking southwest from Phillips Rd
Geography
Aotea Harbour is a drowned valley system following the post glacial Aranuian sea level rise of over 100m in the last 14,000 years, but its level may also be influenced by the Makomako and Te Maari faults.[2] It has a high-tide area of 32 km2 (12 sq mi) and a low-tide area of 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi).[3]
Most higher ground around the harbour is formed from Jurassic era graywacke stone, while the Aotea Harbour north head were formed from Quaternary marine deposits, wind blown north-east from the Tasman Sea.[4]
54% of the area around the harbour is in sheep and beef grazing. Since 1850 native forest cover has declined from 98% to 28%, about 18% managed by the Department of Conservation.[1]
According to traditional history, the harbour is the final landing place for the Aotea waka.[4] Migrants from the Aotea waka are said to have brought karaka trees to the area when they settled.[7] People aboard the 'Tainui waka settled around the Aotea Harbour, Kawhia Harbour and Whaingaroa Harbour (Raglan Harbour) in approximately 1350.[4] Over 100 Māori archaeological sites are found around the harbour, dating to the 15th and 16th centuries.[4] Many found on the Aotea Harbour north head, such as Koreromaiwaho Paa, were covered with Aeolian sand, blown due to the prevailing south-westerly wind.[4] The people who settled around Aotea Harbour traditionally cultivated kumara, while collecting tuatua from the Tasman Sea, and pipi and cockles from the harbour.[4] The harbour was the site of a seven generational war between Ngāti Māhanga and Ngāti Tū-irirangi.[8]
The population was once much larger. For example, about 200 lived at Makaka in 1880.[13]
Roads
The harbour has few roads giving access to it. Aotea village and Okapu have a road linked to SH31, near Kawhia. A gravel road links SH31 to Makomako. Just north of Makomako, at Maari Stream, two roads link to Te Mata; Te Papatapu Rd follows the edge of the harbour for over 2 km (1.2 mi). Kawhia Rd runs east via Lake Disappear and Waireinga/Bridal Veil Falls. Phillips Rd branches from Te Papatapu Rd, giving access to some areas north of the harbour.[14]
The beaches were initially a main route and were linked by boat across the harbour entrance.[15]
About 1880 Te Papatapu Rd was built from Te Mata, but from Te Papatapu the route was across the harbour at low tide.[16]
The bridges over the Maari and Makomako streams were built about 1918, though the road linking Kawhia and Te Mata was not usable until about 1926. They were replaced by concrete bridges in 1970.[17]
When Makomako School was built in 1925, timber and other supplies were taken by road to Pakoka landing, but then rafted across the harbour and up the stream to a point near the school.[17]
Makomako School was just above the junction of Makomako Road and the Te Mata-Kawhia Road.[19] It was open from 26 October 1925 (with an initial roll of 31 girls and 16 boys)[17] to 1981,[20] or 1983.[21] Makomako and the area north of it are now in the catchment area for Te Mata School,[22] though the school buses only reach to Te Papatapu Road.[23]
^Leach, H., & Stowe, C. (2005). Oceanic arboriculture at the margins—the case of the karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus) in Aotearoa. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 114(1), 7-27.
