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((Short description|Language))
((more citations needed|date=October 2018))
((Infobox language family
  |name=Arapahoan
  |region=[[United States]]
  |familycolor=Algic
  |fam1=[[Algic languages|Algic]]
  |fam2=[[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]
  |child1=[[Arapaho language|Arapaho]]
  |child2=[[Gros Ventre language|Gros Ventre]] (Atsina)
  |child3=[[Nawathinehena language|Nawathinehena]]
  |glotto=arap1273 
|glottorefname=Arapahoic
))

The '''Arapahoan languages''' are a subgroup of the [[Plains Algonquian languages|Plains]] group of [[Algonquian languages]]: [[Nawathinehena language|Nawathinehena]], [[Arapaho language|Arapaho]], and [[Gros Ventre language|Gros Ventre]].

Nawathinehena is extinct and Arapaho and Gros Ventre are both endangered.<ref>Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'', Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International</ref><ref>Goddard 2001:74-76, 79</ref>

Besawunena, attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, differs only slightly from Arapaho, but a few of its sound changes resemble those seen in Gros Ventre. It had speakers among the Northern Arapaho as recently as the late 1920s. ((Citation needed|date=October 2018))

Nawathinehena is also attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, and was the most divergent language of the group.  ((Citation needed|date=October 2018))<ref>((cite web |title=Nawathinehena (Nawathi'nehena) |url=http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/nawathinehena.htm |website=www.native-languages.org))</ref>

Another reported Arapahoan variety is the extinct Ha'anahawunena, but there is no documentation of it.((Citation needed|date=October 2018))

==Classification==
The Glottolog database classifies the Arapahoan languages as follows:<ref>((Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/west2792 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Arapahoic |date=2023-06-10 |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last=Hammarström |first=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824191919/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/arap1273 |archive-date=2023-08-24 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |author-link=Harald Hammarström |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |publication-place=[[Leipzig]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962 |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |author-link3=Martin Haspelmath |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian |doi-access=free))</ref>

((tree list))
* Arapahoic
**Arapaho–Gros Ventre–Besawunena<ref name=Besawunena>Although Glottolog's name for this branch mentions Besawunena, it is not listed within either of the two langoids or in its own langoid.</ref>
*** [[Arapaho language|Arapaho]]
*** [[Gros Ventre language|Gros Ventre]]
** [[Nawathinehena language|Nawathinehena]]
((tree list/end))

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==References==
* Goddard, Ives (2001). "The Algonquian Languages of the Plains." In ''Plains, Part I'', ed. Raymond J. DeMallie. Vol. 13 of ''Handbook of North American Indians'', ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp.&nbsp;71–79.
* Marianne Mithun (1999). ''The Languages of Native North America''. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

==External links==
* [http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho.htm "Arapaho"] at Native-languages.org
* [http://www.native-languages.org/gros.htm "Gros Ventre"] at Native-languages.org

((Algonquian languages))


((authority control))

[[Category:Arapaho|+]]
[[Category:Plains Algonquian languages]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of the North American Plains]]
[[Category:Languages of the United States]]


((indigenousAmerican-lang-stub))

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