This is a list of countries and territories in Europe by population density. Data are from the United Nations unless otherwise specified.[1][2]

Abkhazia, Georgia and South Ossetia are each bordered on the north by the Greater Caucasus, and may have some territory north of these mountains and thus in Europe by the most common definition. These three, as well as Armenia and Azerbaijan would have more territory or all of their territory in Europe using a more expansive definition.

Some countries in the Caucasus, as well as Greenland and the geopolitical subdivisions of the island of Cyprus (Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Cyprus and Northern Cyprus) are not considered geographically European, but are listed here because of their cultural connections to the continent.

There is some discussion about whether Kosovo should be recognised as a separate country. De facto it can be considered as one, but de jure recognition is not clear-cut.

European countries and territories by population density

European countries by population
European countries by population density
Country or dependency Europe
density
/km²		 Europe
population
 Europe
area
km²
 1  Monaco 18,000 36,298 2.0 [a]
    Gibraltar (UK) 4,800 32,688 6.8 [b]
 2  Malta 1,700 535,065 315
 3  Vatican City 1,600 764 0.49 [c]
    Jersey (UK) 964 111,803 116
    Guernsey (UK) 870 67,642 78 [d]
 4  San Marino 550 33,642 61
 5 T  Turkey 515 12,231,038 23,757 [e]
 6 T  Netherlands 424 17,618,299 41,543 [f]
 7  Belgium 383 11,686,140 30,528
 8  United Kingdom 277 67,736,802 244,376 [g]
 9  Luxembourg 253 654,768 2,586
10  Liechtenstein 247 39,585 160
11  Germany 233 83,294,633 357,581
12   Switzerland 213 8,796,669 41,291
13 T  Italy 195 58,769,380 301,958 [h]
14  Andorra 171 80,088 468
    Kosovo 153 1,663,595 10,910 [i]
    Isle of Man (UK) 148 84,710 572
15  Denmark 138 5,910,913 42,947
16  Czech Republic 133 10,495,295 78,871
17  Poland 131 41,026,068 312,679
18 T  France 121 65,823,112 543,941 [j]
19  Slovakia 118 5,795,199 49,035
20 T  Portugal 110 10,092,297 91,421 [k]
21  Hungary 109 10,156,239 93,025
22  Austria 107 8,958,961 83,878
23  Slovenia 105 2,119,675 20,273
24  Moldova 102 3,435,931 33,847
25  Albania 99 2,832,439 28,748
26  Serbia 92 7,149,077 77,589 [l]
27 T  Spain 90 45,042,385 498,485 [m]
    Transnistria 88 364,986 4,163 [n]
28  Romania 83 19,892,812 238,298
29  North Macedonia 81 2,085,679 25,713
30  Greece 78 10,341,277 131,957
31 T  Azerbaijan 78 543,800 6,960 [o]
32  Ireland 72 5,056,935 69,825
    Europe 72 724,404,000 10,011,000
33  Ukraine 72 43,649,785 603,549 [p]
34  Croatia 71 4,008,617 56,594
35  Bosnia and Herzegovina 63 3,210,848 51,209
36  Bulgaria 61 6,687,717 110,372
37  Belarus 46 9,498,238 207,600
38  Montenegro 45 626,485 13,888
39  Lithuania 42 2,718,352 65,286
    Faroe Islands (Denmark) 38 53,270 1,393
40  Estonia 29 1,322,766 45,399
41  Latvia 28 1,830,212 64,594
42 T  Russia 27 107,630,419 3,952,550 [q]
43  Sweden 24 10,612,086 438,574
    Aland (Finland) 19 30,129 1,583 [r]
44  Norway 17 5,474,360 323,772 [s]
45  Finland 16 5,545,475 336,884 [t]
46 T  Kazakhstan 5.7 840,000 148,000 [u]
47  Iceland 3.6 375,319 103,000
    Svalbard (Norway) 0.04 2,530 62,422 [v]
   C  Abkhazia (28) (244,236) (8,665) [w]
48 C  Georgia (53) (3,728,282) (69,700) [x]
   C  South Ossetia (14) (56,520) (3,900) [y]
   C  Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) (72) (18,195) (254) [z]
49 C  Armenia (93) (2,777,971) (29,743) [aa]
49 C  Cyprus (99) (918,100) (9,251) [ab]
   C  Greenland (Denmark) (0.03) (56,643) (2,166,086) [ac]
   C  Northern Cyprus (114) (382,836) (3,355) [ad]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Area and population are from official figures.[3]
  2. ^ Figures are from the BBC.[4]
  3. ^ Population: 764 residents regardless of citizenship, 618 citizens regardless of residence, 246 resident citizens.[5]

    Area: The De Agostini Atlas Calendar listed the area of Vatican City as 0.44 km2 in its 1930 edition[6] but corrected it to 0.49 km2 in its 1945–46 edition.[7] The figure of 0.44 km2 is still widely cited by many sources despite its inaccuracy.
  4. ^ Population estimate is from the CIA.[8] The Bailiwick of Guernsey comprises Guernsey proper (64,037),[9] Alderney (2,141)[10] and Sark (562).[11] The UN estimate of 63,544 may exclude the smaller islands.
  5. ^ European Turkey or East Thrace comprises the entire provinces of Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Edirne, as well as the portion of Istanbul Province west of the Bosporus Strait and the portion of Çanakkale Province north of the Dardanelles Strait.[12] Overall density is 110/km² when including Asia Minor or Anatolia (98/km²).
  6. ^ Density is 422/km² when including the Caribbean Netherlands (91/km²).[13]
  7. ^ Constituent countries have density 434/km² (England), 141/km² (Northern Ireland), 70/km² (Scotland) and 150/km² (Wales).[14]
  8. ^ Excluding the African islands of Pantelleria (87/km²) and Lampedusa e Linosa (255/km²). Including these islands, density remains at 195/km².[15][16]
  9. ^ A partially recognized state also claimed by Serbia. Area is from official figures.[17]
  10. ^ Mainland France (122/km²) and Corsica (39/km²) comprise European France or Metropolitan France. Overall density is 107/km² when including Overseas departments (24/km²).[18]
  11. ^ Excluding Madeira (313/km²). Overall density is 112/km².[19]
  12. ^ Area is from official figures, but excluding Kosovo.[20] UN population figure also excludes Kosovo.
  13. ^ Excluding Ceuta (4,514/km²), Melilla (7,013/km²), and the Canary Islands (290/km²). Overall density is 94/km².[21]
  14. ^ De facto state with limited recognition. Internationally recognized as part of Moldova.[22][23]
  15. ^ The Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region comprises Azerbaijan's land north of the Caucasus. Some definitions of the Europe-Asia border place more of Azerbaijan in Europe. Overall density is 117/km².[24]
  16. ^ Includes Crimea (87/km²) and other territory annexed by Russia but internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.[25]
  17. ^ Comprising European Russia. Excludes annexations that are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. Overall density is 8.5/km² when including North Asia (2.8/km²).[26]
  18. ^ An integral but autonomous region of Finland. Classified as a territory by the ISO 3166-1.
  19. ^ Excludes Svalbard.
  20. ^ Excludes Aland.
  21. ^ European portion is about 5% of total area and 4% of total population, with the rest in Central Asia. Nine districts are entirely in Europe, but the Ural river runs through the middle of four districts (Akzhaik, Inder, Makhambet, and Atyrau). Value given is a point estimate between entirely excluding (4.8/km²) or including (6.2/km²) these four districts. Overall density is 7.2/km².[27]
  22. ^ An integral part of Norway. Classified as a territory by the ISO 3166-1, which groups it with Jan Mayen.
  23. ^ An unknown portion may lie north of the Caucasus, so total figures are given.[28][29] De facto state with limited recognition. Internationally recognized as part of Georgia.
  24. ^ Approximately 3,040 km2[30] lies north of the Caucasus with an unknown population, so total figures are given. Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[31] Some definitions place the Europe-Asia border inside of Georgia.
  25. ^ An unknown portion may lie north of the Caucasus, so total figures are given.[32][33] De facto state with limited recognition. Internationally recognized as part of Georgia.
  26. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given. Part of the island of Cyprus.[34]
  27. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given.
  28. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given. Not including Northern Cyprus or Akrotiri and Dhekelia.[35]
  29. ^ Culturally tied to Europe but not a geographic part of it, so total figures are given.
  30. ^ Culturally but often not geographically in Europe, so total figures are given. Part of the island of Cyprus and claimed by the state of Cyprus.[36][37]

References

  1. ^ Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density (PDF) (Report). United Nations Statistics Division. 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  2. ^ "World Population Prospects, 2023 Revision". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section. 11 July 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Key Facts About Monaco". Embassy of Monaco in Washington DC. 2020. Retrieved 28 Oct 2023.
  4. ^ "Gibraltar profile". BBC. 19 May 2023. Retrieved 28 Oct 2023.
  5. ^ "Population". www.vaticanstate.va (in Italian). Vatican City State. 26 Jun 2023. Retrieved 16 Aug 2023.
  6. ^ De Agostini Atlas Calendar, 1930, p. 99. (in Italian)
  7. ^ De Agostini Atlas Calendar, 1945–46, p. 128. (in Italian)
  8. ^ CIA estimate "Guernsey". cia.gov. Retrieved 14 Jan 2023.
  9. ^ "Electronic Census; Latest Population, Employment and Earnings". gov.gg. 1 Sep 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2024.
  10. ^ "Facts & Figures". alderney.gov.gg. Retrieved 14 Jan 2024.
  11. ^ "Sark census puts population at 562". bbc.com. 15 Sep 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2024.
  12. ^ "Turkey: Administrative Division". City Population. 12 Feb 2023. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
  13. ^ "Netherlands : Major Urban Centers". City Population. 15 Sep 2022. Retrieved 28 Oct 2023.
  14. ^ "Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2021". ons.gov.uk. 21 Dec 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  15. ^ "Monthly demographic balance and resident population by sex, year 2023". istat.it. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  16. ^ "Main geographical statistics on municipalities". istat.it. 22 Jan 2013. Municipal and provincial data. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  17. ^ "Kosovo". City Population. 7 Sep 2023. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
  18. ^ "France: Administrative Division". City Population. 28 Jan 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  19. ^ "Statistics Portugal". ine.pt. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  20. ^ "Serbia : Regions, Districts and Major Cities". City Population. 28 May 2023. Retrieved 5 Nov 2023.
  21. ^ "Population by Autonomous Community and Autonomous City and sex". ine.es. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  22. ^ "356 thousand inhabitants of the Transnistrian region are citizens of the Republic of Moldova". gov.md. 27 Sep 2023. Retrieved 3 Dec 2023.
  23. ^ "Transnistria profile". bbc.com. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 3 Dec 2023.
  24. ^ "Territories, number and density of population by economic and administrative regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan". The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  25. ^ "Ukraine: Provinces and Major Cities". City Population. 22 Oct 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  26. ^ "Russia : Administrative Division". City Population. 8 Oct 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  27. ^ "Kazakhstan: Administrative Division". City Population. 11 Dec 2022. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  28. ^ "Georgia: Abkhazia". City Population. 14 Jan 2021. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  29. ^ "Abkhazia profile". BBC. 28 Aug 2023. Retrieved 13 Jan 2024.
  30. ^ "Some Demographic Trends in Borderline Regions of East Caucasus Mountains (Georgia)". Research Gate. Jan 2019. Retrieved 4 Dec 2023.
  31. ^ "Georgia: Administrative Division". City Population. 14 Jan 2021. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  32. ^ "Georgia: South Ossetia". City Population. 14 Jan 2021. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  33. ^ "South Ossetia profile". BBC. 28 Aug 2023. Retrieved 13 Jan 2024.
  34. ^ "Akrotiri and Dhekelia". City Population. 4 Aug 2023. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  35. ^ "Cyprus". City Population. 4 Aug 2023. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
  36. ^ Muhammet İkbal Arslan (10 October 2022). "KKTC'nin nüfusu 382 bin 836 olarak hesaplandı" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency.
  37. ^ "Northern Cyprus". City Population. 30 Nov 2020. Retrieved 29 Oct 2023.
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