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((short description|Orbital recoverable launch vehicle of the European company ArianeGroup))
((more citations needed|date=August 2021))

((Use dmy dates|date=August 2021))
((Infobox rocket
|logo        =  <!--logo filename (omit "Image:" prefix), required-->
|logo_size   =  <!--Size of logo (omit "px" suffix), optional, defaults to 270px-->
|image       =
|caption     =

<!----Core parameters (required)---->
|name           =  Ariane Next
|function       =  Partially [[reusable launch system|reusable]] [[launch vehicle]] to [[low Earth orbit]] <!--Purpose of the rocket, required-->
|manufacturer   =  [[ArianeGroup]]
|country-origin =  [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], France, Germany, [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], Ireland, Italy, [[Luxembourg]], Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, [[Romania]], Spain, [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Ukraine]], United Kingdom

<!----Costs (optional)---->
|pcost    =  <!--project cost, optional-->
|cpl      =  <!--cost per launch, optional-->
|alt-cpl  =  <!--cost in alternative currency, optional-->
|cpl-year =  <!--year of stated cost per launch-->

<!----Dimensions (required)---->
|height       =  <!--core height in metres, use ((cvt|DIAMETER|m)), required-->
|diameter     =  <!--core diameter in metres, use ((cvt|DIAMETER|m)), required-->
|width        =  <!--width if not axisymmetric, use ((cvt|WIDTH|m)), optional-->
|mass         = <!--mass of rocket in kilograms, use ((cvt|MASS|kg)), required-->
|stages       = 2 <!--number of stages, not including boosters-->

<!----Payloads (optional)---->
|family      =  <!--rocket family, optional-->
|derivatives =  <!--derived rockets, optional-->
|comparable  =  [[Falcon 9]]

<!----Launch history (required)---->
|status   =  under development <!--current status (eg. Active, Retired, etc), required-->
|sites    =  [[Guiana Space Centre]], [[French Guiana]]
<!--launch centres and pads, required-->
|launches =  <!--total launches to date, optional-->
|success  =  <!--total successful launches, optional-->
|fail     =  <!--total failed launches, optional-->
|partial  =  <!--total number of launches resulting in partial failure (e.g. incorrect orbit but still usable), optional-->
|other_outcome =  <!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->
|landings =  <!--total number of landings, optional-->
|first    =  <!--date of first flight, optional-->
|last     =  <!--date of latest or final flight, optional-->
|only     =  <!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->
|payloads =  <!--notable payloads, optional-->

<!--Stages/boosters (optional)-->
|stagedata    =  <!--insert one of the following templates for each stage:-->

  ((Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       = stage <!--booster or stage (must be in lower case)-->
  |diff       =  <!--variant of rocket this is used on, optional-->
  |stageno    = First <!--position of stage in rocket, spelled out (eg. First, Second, etc), required if type = stage-->
  |name       =  <!--name of the stage/booster, optional-->
  |number     =  <!--number of boosters, required if type = booster-->
  |length     = <!--length of a single booster/stage in metres, use ((cvt|LENGTH|m)), optional-->
  |diameter   =  <!--diameter of a single booster/stage in metres, use ((cvt|DIAMETER|m)), optional-->
  |width      =  <!--width of a single booster/stage if not axisymmetric, use ((cvt|WIDTH|m)), optional-->
  |empty      =  <!--empty mass of a single booster/stage in kilograms, use ((cvt|EMPTYMASS|kg)), optional-->
  |gross      =  <!--gross (fuelled) mass of a single booster/stage, use ((cvt|GROSSMASS|kg)), optional--> 
  |propmass   =  <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, use ((cvt|PROPMASS|kg)), optional--> 
  |engines    =  7-9 [[Prometheus (rocket engine)|Prometheus]] engines<ref name="CNESroadmap2019" /><!--number and type of engines used on each individual booster/stage, required-->
  |solid      =  <!--set to "yes" (lowercase) to change Engines to Motor for solid motors-->
  |thrust     =  <!--thrust provided by a single booster/stage in kN, use ((cvt|THRUST|kN)), required-->
  |total      =   <!--total thrust for all boosters in kN, use ((cvt|THRUST|kN)), optional-->
  |SI         =  <!--specific impulse of an individual booster/stage, in seconds, use ((convert|ISP_IN_SECONDS|isp)), optional-->
  |burntime   =  <!--burn time, required-->
  |fuel       =  [[liquid oxygen|LOX]] / [[methane]]
  ))
  ((Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       = stage <!--booster or stage (must be in lower case)-->
  |diff       =  <!--variant of rocket this is used on, optional-->
  |stageno    = Second <!--position of stage in rocket, spelled out (eg. First, Second, etc), required if type = stage-->
  |name       =  <!--name of the stage/booster, optional-->
  |number     =  <!--number of boosters, required if type = booster-->
  |length     =  <!--length of a single booster/stage in metres, use ((cvt|LENGTH|m)), optional-->
  |diameter   =  <!--diameter of a single booster/stage in metres, use ((cvt|DIAMETER|m)), optional-->
  |width      =  <!--width of a single booster/stage if not axisymmetric, use ((cvt|WIDTH|m)), optional-->
  |empty      =  <!--empty mass of a single booster/stage in kilograms, use ((cvt|EMPTYMASS|kg)), optional-->
  |gross      =  <!--gross (fuelled) mass of a single booster/stage, use ((cvt|GROSSMASS|kg)), optional--> 
  |propmass   =  <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, use ((cvt|PROPMASS|kg)), optional--> 
  |engines    =  1 [[Prometheus (rocket engine)|Prometheus]] engine<ref name="CNESroadmap2019" /><!--number and type of engines used on each individual booster/stage, required-->
  |solid      =  <!--set to "yes" (lowercase) to change Engines to Motor for solid motors-->
  |thrust     =  <!--thrust provided by a single booster/stage in kN, use ((cvt|THRUST|kN)), required-->
  |total      =   <!--total thrust for all boosters in kN, use ((cvt|THRUST|kN)), optional-->
  |SI         =  <!--specific impulse of an individual booster/stage, in seconds, use ((convert|ISP_IN_SECONDS|isp)), optional-->
  |burntime   =  <!--burn time, required-->
  |fuel       =  [[liquid oxygen|LOX]] / [[methane]]
  ))
))
'''Ariane Next'''<ref name=ArianeNextVision201907/>—also known as SALTO (reusable strategic space launcher technologies and operations)<ref name=euronews20220507/>—is the code name for a future [[European Space Agency]] rocket being developed in the 2020s by [[ArianeGroup]]. This partially reusable launcher is planned to succeed [[Ariane 6]], with an entry into service in the 2030s. The objective of the new launcher is to halve the launch costs compared with Ariane 6. The preferred architecture is that of the [[Falcon 9]] rocket (a reusable first stage landing vertically with a common engine model for the two stages) while using an engine burning a mixture of [[methane]] and [[liquid oxygen]]. The first technological demonstrators are under development.

== History ==
The European Space Agency's [[Ariane 6]] launcher<!-- which began development in 2014—originally planned for a 2020 inaugural launch, per refname sn20221019 --> is to gradually succeed the [[Ariane 5]] rocket after 2023.<ref name=sn20221019>((cite news |last=Foust|first=Jeff|url=https://spacenews.com/ariane-6-first-launch-slips-to-late-2023/ |title=TAriane 6 first launch slips to late 2023 |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=19 October 2022 |access-date=19 October 2022))</ref><ref name=ars20210622>((cite news |last=Berger|first=Eric |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/europes-space-chief-appoints-task-force-to-assess-ariane-6-schedule-concerns/ |title=The Ariane 6 debut is slipping again as Europe hopes for a late 2022 launch |work=Ars Technica |date=21 June 2021 |access-date=8 October 2021))</ref> Studies on the next generation of European government-funded launcher to follow Ariane 6 started before 2019.<ref name=ArianeNextVision201907/>((when|date=October 2021)) The stated priority objective for the new rocket is to halve the cost of launching compared to Ariane 6 with simplified and more flexible((clarify|what does this mean?  sounds like marketing talk to get to 1/2 the launch cost.|date=October 2021)) launch methods.((citation needed|date=October 2021))

[[ArianeGroup]] was selected by the ESA in 2021 to head two projects: one to develop a new [[reusable launch vehicle]] and the other to develop a new [[liquid-propellant rocket|liquid propellant]] [[rocket engine]] for the vehicle.  More specifically, the two programmes were named "SALTO (reuSable strAtegic space Launcher Technologies & Operations) and ENLIGHTEN (European iNitiative for Low cost, Innovative & Green High Thrust Engine) projects," respectively.<ref name=euronews20220507/>

ArianeGroup secured funding to begin [[new product development|development]] of the new reusable launch vehicle in May 2022.<ref name=euronews20220507>((cite news |title=Move over, SpaceX: ArianeGroup to make Europe’s first reusable and ‘eco-friendly’ rockets |url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/07/05/move-over-spacex-arianegroup-to-make-europes-first-reusable-and-eco-friendly-rockets |last=Joly|first=Josephine |work=[[Euronews]] |date=7 May 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022))</ref><!-- the name "ArianeNext" is NOT mentioned at all in the refname=euronews20220507 source.  Rather, it just refers to developing "Europe’s first reusable and eco-friendly launchers, in a bid to compete with the likes of Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which pioneered the technology." and it refers to the previous program ArianeGroup had won the bid for by the name SALTO -->
Funding for the project will be provided "by the [[European Commission]] as a part of the [[Horizon Europe]] programme designed to [[Industrial policy|encourage and accelerate innovation]]" in Europe.<ref name=euronews20220507/>

In May 2022, the "French Economy Minister [[Bruno Le Maire]] said SALTO and ENLIGHTEN would be operational by 2026", and ArianeGroup stated that the target date was achievable.<ref name=euronews20220507/>((update after|2022|10|19))<!-- ff the delay of Ariane 6 first flight to late 2023 per <ref name=sn20221019>, this would give the Ariane 6 a very short operational life -->  
As of May 2022, the SALTO project intended to carry out an initial flight test of a single rocket stage by mid-2024, using a [[Themis programme|Themis]] [[Test article (aerospace)|prototype]] [[First stage (rocketry)|first stage]] to validate the landing phase of the design.<ref name=euronews20220507/>

== Description ==
The architecture proposed for Ariane Next uses a design based on [[SpaceX|SpaceX's]] [[Falcon 9]]: a reusable first stage which, after having separated from the second stage, returns to [[VTVL|land vertically]] on [[Earth]]. The first stage will use several [[liquid-propellant rocket]] engines: the predecessor for these is the [[Prometheus (rocket engine)|Prometheus rocket engine]] under development by the EU, which burns a mixture of [[methane]] and [[liquid oxygen]]. Methane is somewhat less efficient than the hydrogen used by the [[Vulcain (rocket engine)|Vulcain]] engine of [[Ariane 6]] but it can be stored at higher temperatures, ((cvt|-160|C|K F|0)) compared to ((cvt|-253|C|K F|0)) for [[Liquid hydrogen|hydrogen]], which makes it possible to lighten and simplify the tanks and the supply circuits. The density of liquid methane is higher than hydrogen, which allows a mass reduction in the tank structure. The launcher is planned to use seven or nine of such engines for the first stage and a single engine for the second stage.<ref name="CNESroadmap2019">((Cite web|last=Jean-Marc ASTORG|date=May 7, 2019|title=CNES future launcher road map|url=https://web.uniroma1.it/cras/sites/default/files/download/Astorg%20Conference%207%20May%202019.pdf|access-date=|website=|publisher=[[CNES]]|page=|language=en|format=|id=))</ref> The goal is to halve the launch costs compared to Ariane 6.((citation needed|date=August 2022))

=== Preliminary steps ===
To be able to produce the new launcher, various technology demonstrators are being developed, each also funded by European Union technology development funds:
* FROG is a small demonstrator for testing the vertical landing of a rocket stage. It made several flights in 2019.<ref>((Cite web|last=|date=October 18, 2019|title=FROG : un petit démonstrateur GNC de lanceur réutilisable|url=http://survols.canalblog.com/archives/2019/10/18/37722753.html|access-date=|website=|language=fr|periodical=))</ref>
* [[CALLISTO|Callisto]], under development, aims to improve the techniques required to produce a reusable launcher (return to Earth and reconditioning) and to estimate the operational cost of such a launcher. A first flight is scheduled for 2022.((citation needed|date=August 2022))
* [[Themis programme|Themis]] will then be developed. It will have a reusable first stage with one to three [[Prometheus (rocket engine)|Prometheus]] rocket motors and is expected to fly around 2022–2025.((citation needed|date=August 2022))

=== Configurations ===
Different configurations of the launcher are being evaluated. Three versions are under consideration for different missions:<ref name=ArianeNextVision201907>((cite conference|last1=Patureau de Mirand |first1=Antoine |title=Ariane Next, a vision for a reusable cost efficient European rocket |conference=8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences |date=July 2019 |url=https://www.eucass.eu/index.php/component/docindexer/?task=download&id=5506 |format=PDF |doi=10.13009/EUCASS2019-949 |access-date=18 August 2021))</ref>
* A two-stage version
* A version with two small liquid propellant boosters
* A version with three first stages linked together, similar to [[Falcon Heavy]]

=== Return to Earth ===
Different systems are being studied for controlling the first stage's [[atmospheric re-entry]]:((citation needed|date=August 2022))
* [[Grid fin]]s, as on the first stage of Falcon 9
* Stabilization fins
* [[air brake (aeronautics)|Air braking]]

=== Landing system ===
Different systems are being considered, ranging from everything on ground (''all ground systems'') to everything on the launcher (''all on-board systems''). Currently, development is focused on an on-board legs system similar to that of [[Falcon 9]].

== See also ==
* [[Reusable Vehicle Testing]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [https://ariane6.cnes.fr/fr/lanceurs-ariane-next-regarde-vers-la-prochaine-decennie Ariane Next on CNES website]

((Ariane))
((European launch systems))
((Reusable launch systems))
((Portal bar|Spaceflight))

[[Category:Reusable launch systems]]
[[Category:Partially reusable space launch vehicles]]
[[Category:Proposed space launch vehicles]]
[[Category:Space launch vehicles of Europe]]
[[Category:Ariane (rocket family)]]
[[Category:Space programs]]
[[Category:European space programmes]]
[[Category:Spaceflight technology]]

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