Arlington was one of the first areas in the United States visited by Europeans; it was the site of the French Fort Caroline in 1564–1565, now represented by the Fort Caroline National Memorial. After the destruction of Fort Caroline, the area was only sparsely inhabited until the 19th century, when sawmills and plantations were established along the St. Johns River. After the American Civil War these gave way to residential developments, which were gradually absorbed into the Arlington community as it grew.
Completed in 1910, Atlantic Boulevard was Florida's first modern "improved" highway and is considered to have been the beginning of the state's highway system. The highway connects the mainland portion of the city of Jacksonville with the Jacksonville Beaches. Its eastern terminus is in the San Marco neighborhood; running through Arlington and on to the Atlantic Ocean at the Jacksonville Beaches.[2] First proposed in the 1890s by Eugene F. Gilbert, who personally paid for land surveys and eventually convinced the Duval County Commission to use convict labor to start building the road. A new set of county commissioners would eventually terminate the project as it neared completion. The road was eventually completed after the arrival of the automobile.[3][4] Originally only 18 feet (5.5 m) wide, the road would soon draw criticism as being too narrow for the large amount of traffic carried between the mainland and the beach.[5]
Film Company Norman Studios was in Arlington in the 1920s. The studio's films included race films with African American casts.
In 1947 the administration of Jacksonville University purchased land in the Arlington neighborhood on which to establish a main campus. The first building was completed in 1950 and classes officially began.[6] The same year the school received full accreditation as a two-year college from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).[7] Originally known as William J. Porter University, Jacksonville University was founded in 1934 by William J. Porter. It began as a small private two-year college.[7] Sixty students were enrolled in Porter University's first year of operation.[8] The school changed its name to Jacksonville Junior College in 1935. It relocated three times over the next fifteen years, but the influx of GI bill students following the end of World War II made a permanent location necessary.[7] The school received full accreditation in 1962 as a four-year school from SACS.
Following the 1953 opening of the Mathews Bridge the Arlington area experienced a significant increase in development, maintaining a faster growth rate than any other area in Jacksonville for two decades. The Mathews Bridge is a cantilever bridge which spans the St. Johns River, brings traffic along the Arlington Expressway between Downtown Jacksonville and Arlington. Midway between downtown and the beaches, the Sandalwood neighborhood began developing in spring of 1960 and is just one example of the many planned subdivisions beginning to sprawl across the area at that time.[9]
Opening in 1967, Regency Square Mall is an enclosed shopping mall developed by Regency Centers. Constructed at an expanse of sand dunes at an expense of $12 million, it initially featured three anchor stores: national chain JCPenney, along with May-Cohens and Furchgotts. The mall also included a Woolworth dime store as a junior anchor, a cafeteria style Piccadilly restaurant, as well as the single-screen Regency Cinema. Annie Tiques bar and restaurant opened on an outparcel of the mall. According to an Urban Land Institute study published by the Florida Times-Union in 1979, it was one of the most profitable retail centers in the nation, with yearly average sales of $156/ft² versus a national average of $88/ft². To give back to the community, the mall operators turned over thousands of dollars in coins from their decorative fountains to charities. All types of social events, from art shows to science fairs to horticultural exhibits were held there.
Construction of the Dames Point Bridge began in 1985 and was completed in 1989. The bridge crosses the St. Johns River using a cable-stayed design, connecting Arlington to the Northside of Jacksonville. designed by HNTB Corporation and RS&H, Inc, and constructed by The Massman Construction Company, the main span is 1,300 feet (396.2 m), and is 175 feet (53.3 m) high.[10] When built, it was longest concrete cable-stayed bridge in the world.[11]
Together with Northside, Westside, and Southside, Arlington is considered one of the large sections of Jacksonville. Initially, Arlington was a small settlement across the St. Johns River east of the present day central business district. The area grew substantially in the latter part of the 20th century, and now includes many smaller neighborhoods and developments. Today it refers to most of Jacksonville east and south of the St. Johns, west of the Intracoastal Waterway, and north of the Arlington River and Southside.[12] Using GIS to sort 87 businesses with "Arlington" in their name, McEwen came to a similar definition, though noted that Arlington overlaps with Southside at its southern end.[13]
The Regency area describes the commercial and retail development centered around Regency Square Mall. The commercial district encompasses an area equitable in size to Jacksonville's downtown, and consist of multiple corridors along the Southside Connector (SR 113). These include SR 115 (Southside Boulevard), SR 10 (Atlantic Boulevard), Regency Square Boulevard and Tredinick Parkway.[14] In a 2010 Arlington vision plan, citizens recognized the Regency Square Mall property as being ripe for redevelopment, with the potential to attract new businesses and consumers. The comprehensive report covered environmental, economic, and quality of life issues in the Greater Arlington region. The groups approach to the mall property was to redevelop the land with transportation and density in mind. The approach would entail mix-used structures, a gridded street pattern, and infill development. Emphasis is put on the vastness of the area and its equitable size to downtown.[14]Crowley Maritime Corporation, a shipping company, is headquartered in the Regency business district.[15] As of July 2016, the company was ranked the 13th largest private company in Florida, with revenue of $2.2 billion.[16]
Arlington is served by several Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) bus routes. On December 1, 2014, JTA underwent a complete system redesign called Route Optimization. This was to provide more frequent, more direct, and more reliable service. The new routes in Arlington were as follows.[19]
8 Beach / Town Center
9 Arlington / Beach
10 Atlantic
18 Atlantic / Monument
19 Arlington
23 Townsend / Southside
50 University
202 Mayport Express
205 Beaches Express
308 Arlington Community Shuttles
Roadways and bridges
Highways
Several major limited access highways traverse Arlington. These include:
One bridge connects Arlington to Downtown Jacksonville, one bridge connects the Northside and two access the Beaches. These include, from west to east:
McEwen, John W. (2007). "The Vernacular Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida: Can GIS Help Determine their Boundaries?". The Florida Geographer. 38: 54–71.
Ward, James Robertson (1985). Old Hickory's Town. Old Hickory's Town, Inc. ASINB000OL8E9O.
United States
Florida
Jacksonville
