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((Short description|American geologist))
((refimprove|date=March 2013))
((Infobox person
| name               = Arnold Hague
| image              = Arnold Hague.png
| birth_date         = December 3, 1840
| birth_place        = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]
| death_date         = ((death date and age|1917|5|14|1840|12|3))
| death_place        = [[Washington, D.C.]]
| education          = ((plainlist|
* [[The Albany Academy]]
* [[Sheffield Scientific School]]
* [[University of Göttingen]]
* [[Heidelberg University]]
* [[Freiberg University of Mining and Technology|Freiberg Mining Academy]]
))
| occupation         = [[Geologist]]
| organization       = [[United States Geological Survey]]
| module             = ((infobox officeholder|embed=yes
|office = 22nd President of the [[Geological Society of America]]
|term=1910
|predecessor =[[Grove Karl Gilbert]]
|successor =[[William Morris Davis]]
))
| signature          = File:Arnold Hague Signature.png
))
[[File:Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (1918) (20450067785).jpg|thumb|Arnold Hague in 1918]]
'''Arnold Hague''' (December 3, 1840 – May 14, 1917) was an American [[geologist]] who did many geological surveys in the U.S., of which the best known was that for [[Yellowstone National Park]]. He also had assignments in [[China]] and [[Guatemala]]. He became a member of the [[United States Geological Survey]] in 1879 when it was first organized.<ref>((cite magazine|title=Hague, Arnold|magazine=International Who's Who|year=1912|page=558|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89097340061;view=1up;seq=576))</ref>

==Biography==
Hague was born December 3, 1840, in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], to William Hague, a clergyman. He graduated from [[Sheffield Scientific School]] at [[Yale University]] in 1863. He then spent three years in Germany, studying at the universities of [[University of Göttingen|Göttingen]] and [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]], and at the [[Freiberg Mining Academy]].

In 1867 he returned to the United States, and was appointed assistant geologist on the U. S. geological exploration of the [[40th parallel north|40th parallel]] under [[Clarence King]]. He then went to [[California]], and spent the winter of 1867–68 in [[Virginia City, Nevada]], studying the surface geology of the [[Comstock Lode]] and the [[chemistry]] of the amalgamation process as practiced there, and known as the “[[Washoe process]].” The results of this study were published in Volume III. of the report of the exploration, under the title of “Chemistry of the Washoe Process.” He also contributed to the same volume a chapter on the geology of the White Pine mining district, in which there was first brought to notice the great development of [[Devonian]] rocks in the Great Basin of Utah and Nevada. In Volume II—“Descriptive Geology”—of the report of the exploration, which was the joint work of Hague and [[Samuel Franklin Emmons|Samuel F. Emmons]], there is given the results of a detailed geological survey across the [[Cordillera|Cordilleras]] of North America, from the [[Great Plains]] to the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] range in California. This work included a geological atlas of maps and sections, which was completed after a great deal of hardship, the map of the [[Great Basin]] being accomplished before the completion of either the [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union]] or [[Central Pacific Railroad]].

On the termination of this work in 1877, he received the appointment of government geologist of [[Guatemala]], and traveled extensively over the republic, visiting the principal mining regions and the canters of volcanic activity. In 1878 he was engaged by the [[China|Chinese]] government to examine [[gold]], [[silver]], and [[Lead (metal)|lead]] mines in northern China. ((Citation needed|date=April 2011))

On the organization of the [[United States Geological Survey|U. S. Geological Survey]] in 1879, he returned to the United States, and became one of its geologists. He was sent to [[Nevada]], and made a report on the “Geology of the Eureka District.” In 1883 he was made geologist of the [[Yellowstone National Park|Yellowstone Park]] division, and assigned to the study of the [[geyser]]s of that district in connection with the extinct volcanic regions of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. ((Citation needed|date=April 2011))

He was a member of scientific societies both in the United States and Europe and in 1885 was elected to the [[National Academy of Sciences]].<ref>((Cite web |title=Arnold Hague |url=https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001829.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.nasonline.org))</ref> He received an [[Sc.D.]] degree from [[Columbia University]] in 1901, and an [[LL.D.]] degree from [[Aberdeen University]]. ((Citation needed|date=April 2011)) In 1903, he was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]].

He was a member of the commission appointed by the [[National Academy of Sciences]] at the request of the United States Government in 1896 to prepare plans for the [[U.S. National Forest|National Forest]] preserves. He was vice president of the International Congresses of Geologists held in [[Paris]] in 1900, in [[Stockholm]] in 1910 and in [[Toronto]] in 1913. He became president of the [[Geological Society of America]] in 1910.<ref>Fairchild, Herman LeRoy, 1932, The Geological Society of America 1888-1930, a Chapter in Earth Science History: New York, The Geological Society of America, 232 p.</ref><ref>Eckel, Edwin, 1982, GSA Memoir 155, The Geological Society of America — Life History of a Learned Society: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 155, 168 p., ((ISBN|0-8137-1155-X)).</ref>

Hague died May 14, 1917, in [[Washington, D.C.]]

==Works==
He made numerous contributions to scientific journals, on [[lithology]] and geology, and was the principal author of the following memoirs:

* ''The Volcanoes of California, Oregon, and Washington Territory'' (1883)
* ''The Volcanic Rocks of the Great Basin'' (1884)
* ''On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks of Washoe'' (1885)
* ''Nevada, with Notes on the Geology of the District'' (1885)
* ''The Volcanic Rocks of Salvador'' (1886)
* [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000279468 ''Geological History of the Yellowstone National Park''] (1888)

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==References==
*((Appletons'|wstitle=Hague, William|year=1892))
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1917/05/15/archives/arnold-hague-dies-famous-geologist-explorer-whose-greatest-work-was.html ''New York Times'' obituary]

==External links==
((Portal|Biography))
* ((Internet Archive author |sname=Arnold Hague))
* ((Librivox author |id=11891))
* ((cite book|last=Hague|first=Arnold|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|title=Geological history of the Yellowstone national park|url=https://archive.org/details/historgeological00hagurich|ol=7060409M|year=1920|oclc=12039672))
* [http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/hague-arnold.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir]

((Presidents of the Geological Society of America))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hague, Arnold))
[[Category:1840 births]]
[[Category:1917 deaths]]
[[Category:American geologists]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Göttingen alumni]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:American expatriates in Guatemala]]
[[Category:American expatriates in China]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Geological Society of America]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]

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