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((otherpeople2|Arthur Raymond))
((more citations needed|date=February 2013))
((Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix  = 
| name              = Arthur Emmons Raymond
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| death_date        = ((death date and age |1999|03|22|1899|03|24))
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| workplaces        = [[Douglas Aircraft Company]], [[Rand Corporation]]
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))

'''Arthur Emmons Raymond''' (March 24, 1899, in [[Boston]] [[Massachusetts]] – March 22, 1999, in [[Santa Monica]], [[California]]) was an aeronautical engineer who led the team that designed the [[DC-3]].

Raymond grew up in [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]], the son of the owner of a luxury hotel. He completed a B.A. at [[Harvard University]], and a M.S.<ref>[http://library.mit.edu/item/000829784 Entry from MIT library archive.]</ref> in aeronautical engineering at [[MIT]] in 1921.

Raymond spent his entire career at the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]. Beginning as a metal fitter, he rose to the rank of chief engineer, contributing to the design of all Douglas airliners from the [[DC-1]] to the [[DC-8]]. During [[World War II]], he helped managed the huge effort that produced tens of thousands of aircraft for that war.

Raymond is best known as the lead designer of the [[DC-3]], "The Plane That Changed the World," the first airliner that could break even hauling passengers without a government subsidy and without carrying mail. The military equivalent of the DC-3 was the [[C-47 Skytrain|C-47]]. In Europe, the DC-3 was known as the "Dakota." Raymond's grandson Stephen has said: "In the DC-3, he did almost everything. He knew every bolt and screw in that plane." About 10,600 DC-3s and C-47s were eventually built between 1934 and 1945, making it the most produced airliner of all time. At the time of Raymond's death, about 2,000 DC-3s were still flying and about 400 were still in commercial service.

After retiring from Douglas in 1960, [[NASA]] put Raymond in charge of supervising the outside contractors on [[Project Gemini]] and [[Project Apollo]] until 1969. When Boeing and other aerospace firms proposed in the late 1960s to build a supersonic airliner with substantial subsidies from the US government, Raymond argued that the plane was not commercially viable. The USA government ceased subsidizing the design of the American [[supersonic transport]] in 1971, whereupon it died.

At the end of World War II, Raymond proposed to the [[USAF]] that they create an organization to think about intercontinental warfare. That organization became the [[Rand Corporation]], of which he was a founding member. He was also a founding member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.nae.edu/About/leadership/57773.aspx |title=Founding members of the National Academy of Engineering |publisher=[[National Academy of Engineering]] |accessdate=((Format date|2012|10|21))))</ref> In 1991 he received the [[National Air and Space Museum]] Lifetime Achievement Trophy.

He died at age 99.

Stephen Raymond said of his grandfather: "He was always known as the kind of person who spoke truth to power. They depended on him to unearth the things that were wrong from the [[spinmeister]]s who were saying everything was dandy."<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html |title=Obituary from ''New York Times'' |access-date=2004-11-23 |archive-date=2017-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061607/http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html |url-status=dead ))</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [https://www.rand.org/about/history/ RAND Corporation history page]
* [http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html Obituary from ''New York Times''] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061607/http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html |date=2017-01-18 ))

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Raymond, Arthur E.))
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:American aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]

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