Career
As Gouge did not like school he left at the age of 13 and took up a carpentry apprenticeship with a firm of builders.[3] Once working he however soon developed a desire for learning and began studying engineering and mathematics at night school. This was eventually to lead to him obtaining a B.Sc. degree.[3]
Shorts
Gouge joined Short brothers in Kent in 1915 as an ordinary hand in their carpentry section.[3] Charles Richard Fairey, of Fairey Aviation Company, had also worked around this time at Shorts.
By the early 1920s Gouge had been noticed and he had been promoted to the test department which tested hull forms in a water tank at Rochester.[4] The Rochester testing tank was commissioned in the last half of 1924, is believed to be the first such tank built exclusively for use in the design of flying boat hulls. Gouge and Oscar Gnosspelius, another member of the test department, designed a travelling carriage which straddled the tank and pushed the hull under test through the water. The test hulls were normally made from solid mahogany, with a highly polished finish. In the early days of the department these were often made by Gouge.[4]
After testing the hull design for the Short Singapore I (which was based on the fluted planing bottom of the S2 flying boat) Gouge and another engineer, Jack Lower, raised questions about the proposed hull design. To lead to Oswald Short asking Francis Webber the chief designer at Shorts to re-design the hull with an unfluted planing bottom. Webber took exception to this instruction and resigned shortly afterwards.[4] Gouge was in 1926 appointed Chief Designer in his place and changed the hull design.[4]
In 1932 he was appointed general manager.[3]
By 1935 he was one of two directors of the company with Oswald Short, when the company went public.
During his time with the company he was responsible for the design of the Singapore II, III, Calcutta, Scion, Kent, Sarafand, Mayo Composite (in collaboration with Robert H. Mayo), "C-class" Empire and Sunderland flying boats, as well as the Scylla. It was Gouge in collaboration with Cyril Lipscombe, who designed the Short Stirling, the RAF's first four-engine heavy bomber, which first flew on 14 May 1939.[5]
Gouge flap
Goige invented the Gouge flap in 1936 as part of his design for the Empire flying boat.[4]
Saunders-Roe
In 1942 pressure was put on Shorts by the Ministry of Aircraft Production to improve production efficiency as well as stop production of the Stirling, and build Lancasters instead. Both Oswald Short who was Chairman of Shorts and Arthur Gouge (who was general manager as well as chief designer) refused. Short was forced by the government to resign on 11 January 1943 and Ministry appointed a new chairman. However the company continued to obstruct the government and on 23 March 1943 the company was nationalized using the Defence Regulation 78 by Sir Stafford Cripps. Gouge was subsequently dismissed.[6]
Despite being dismissed Gouge because of his expertise and standing in the industry was able to obtain in that same year the position of Chief Executive and Vice-Chairman of Saunders-Roe. He collaborated with Henry Knowler, the chief designer of Saunders Roe on the design proposal that lead to the Ministry of Supply issuing the company with a contract to build three long range SR.45 flying boats. the aircraft was eventually named the Princess.[7][8]
In September 1953 he gave a talk to the 1941 Committee, and again in July 1954.
On 18 August 1959 he resigned from Saunders-Roe when it merged with Westland Aircraft.