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((Short description|English local government Liberal politician))
((about|the English politician|the English judge|Arthur Hobhouse, 1st Baron Hobhouse))
((EngvarB|date=November 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2017))

((Infobox person
| name         = Sir Arthur Hobhouse
| image        =1922_Arthur_Hobhouse.jpg
| caption      = Arthur Hobhouse, circa 1922
| birth_name   = Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse
| birth_date   = 15 February 1886
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = ((death-date and age|20 January 1965|15 February 1886))
| death_place  = 
| death_cause  = 
| restingplace = 
| nationality  = British
| education    = [[Eton College]]
| alma mater   = [[St Andrews University]]<br> [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| occupation   = solicitor, politician
| title        = 
| term         = 
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = 
| known for    = MP, Chairman, [[National parks of England and Wales|National Parks]] Committee
| boards       = 
| spouse       = Konradin Huth Jackson
| parents      = [[Henry Hobhouse (East Somerset MP)|Henry Hobhouse]]<br> Margaret Heyworth Potter
| children     = 5, including [[Henry Hobhouse (author)|Henry Hobhouse]] and [[Hermione Hobhouse]]
| relations    = [[Stephen Henry Hobhouse]] (brother)
| website      =
))

'''Sir Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse''' (15 February 1886 – 20 January 1965) was a long-serving English local government [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician, who is best remembered as the architect of the system of [[national parks of England and Wales]].

==Early life==
Hobhouse was the son of prominent Liberal politician and MP [[Henry Hobhouse (East Somerset MP)|Henry Hobhouse]] and the brother of peace activist, prison reformer, and religious writer [[Stephen Henry Hobhouse]]. 

Arthur Hobhouse was educated at [[Eton College]], [[St Andrews University]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], where he graduated in [[Natural Sciences]]. At [[Cambridge]], he was a [[Cambridge Apostle]] and a member of the [[Cambridge University Liberal Club]], becoming Secretary in 1906<ref>((cite web|url=http://keynessociety.wordpress.com/who-ran-the-society/secretaries/ |title=Secretaries &#124; Keynes Society |date=11 October 2009 |publisher=Keynessociety.wordpress.com |accessdate=22 May 2015))</ref> and was also the lover of [[John Maynard Keynes]] and [[Duncan Grant]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.facingthechallenge.org/himmelfarb.php |title=From Clapham to Bloomsbury: a genealogy of morals, by Gertrude Himmelfarb |publisher=Facingthechallenge.org |accessdate=22 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607130045/http://www.facingthechallenge.org/himmelfarb.php |archivedate=7 June 2007 ))</ref><ref>((Cite book |title=Lytton Strachey|last=Holroyd|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Holroyd|pages=108–110|publisher=Vintage|year=1995))</ref>

==Career==
Hobhouse practised as a solicitor until the outbreak of [[World War I]], when he joined the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]]. After the War he joined the Claims Commission, dealing with claims against Allied forces in the [[Abbeville]] area, and rose to the rank of Staff Captain. Returning to civilian life, Hobhouse took to farming on a family estate [[Hadspen house and garden]] in [[Somerset]].

==Political career==
((Moresources | section|date=February 2024))
He stood as Liberal candidate for [[Wells (UK Parliament constituency)|Wells]] at the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922 General Election]] when he finished a strong second. He was elected Member of Parliament for Wells at the [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923 General Election]] but lost the seat in [[1924 United Kingdom general election|1924]]. He failed to regain Wells in 1929.<ref>'HOBHOUSE, Sir Arthur Lawrence', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014 ; online edn, April 2014 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U52517, accessed 18 May 2016]</ref>

===Electoral record===
((Election box begin |
|title=[[1922 United Kingdom general election|General election 1922]]: Wells 
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate  = [[Robert Bruford]]
|votes  = 10,210
|percentage  = 47.7
|change  = 
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate  = Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse
|votes  = 7,156
|percentage  = 33.4
|change  = 
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate  = Leonard Smith
|votes  = 4,048
|percentage  = 18.9
|change  = 
))
((Election box majority|
|votes  = 3,054
|percentage  = 14.2
|change  = 
))
((Election box turnout|
|votes  = 
|percentage  = 77.8
|change  = 
))
((Election box hold with party link|
|winner     = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing      = 
))
((Election box end))
((Election box begin | title=[[1923 United Kingdom general election|General election 1923]]: Wells 
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Liberal Party (UK)
  |candidate  = Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse
  |votes      = 10,818
  |percentage =48.2
  |change     =+14.8
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Unionist Party (UK)
  |candidate  = [[Robert Bruford]]
  |votes      = 9,909
  |percentage =44.2
  |change     =-3.5
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Labour Party (UK)
  |candidate  = Charles Henry Whitlow
  |votes      = 1,713
  |percentage =7.6
  |change     =-11.3
))
((Election box majority|
|votes  = 909
|percentage  = 4.0
|change  = 18.3
))
((Election box turnout|
|votes  = 
|percentage  = 79.1
|change  = +1.3
))
((Election box gain with party link|
  |winner     = Liberal Party (UK)
  |loser     = Unionist Party (UK)
  |swing      = +9.1
))
((Election box end))
((Election box begin |
|title=[[1924 United Kingdom general election|General election 1924]]: Wells 
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate  = [[Robert Sanders, 1st Baron Bayford|Rt Hon. Robert Arthur Sanders]]
|votes  = 12,642
|percentage  = 52.6
|change  = +8.4
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate  = Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse
|votes  = 8,668
|percentage  = 36.1
|change  = -12.1
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate  = Wilfred Thomas Young
|votes  = 2,726
|percentage  = 11.3
|change  = +3.7
))
((Election box majority|
|votes  = 
|percentage  = 16.5
|change  = 20.5
))
((Election box turnout|
|votes  = 
|percentage  = 82.2
|change  = +3.1
))
((Election box gain with party link|
|winner     = Unionist Party (UK)
|loser      = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing      = +10.2
))
((Election box end))
((Election box begin |
|title=[[1929 United Kingdom general election|General election 1929]]: Wells 
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate  = [[Anthony Muirhead|Anthony John Muirhead]]
|votes  = 13,026
|percentage  = 43.6
|change  = -9.0
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate  = Arthur Lawrence Hobhouse
|votes  = 12,382
|percentage  = 41.4
|change  = +5.3
))
((Election box candidate with party link|
|party      = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate  = Mrs R D Q Davies
|votes  = 4,472
|percentage  = 15.0
|change  = +3.7
))
((Election box majority|
|votes  = 644
|percentage  = 2.2
|change  = -14.3
))
((Election box turnout|
|votes  = 
|percentage  = 82.5
|change  = +0.3
))
((Election box hold with party link|
|winner     = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing      = -7.2
))
((Election box end))

===Local government===
He was elected to [[Somerset County Council]] in 1925, became an [[alderman]] in 1934, and was chairman of the council from 1940 to 1947.

In 1945 he was appointed by [[Lewis Silkin, 1st Baron Silkin|Lewis Silkin]], the Minister of Town and Country Planning, to chair the [[National Parks of England and Wales|National Parks]] Committee. The resulting Hobhouse Report was the basis for the [[National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949]]. Of the twelve parks it proposed, ten were implemented in the 1950s, while the remaining two, the [[New Forest]] and the [[South Downs National Park|South Downs]], were proposed in 1999 and finally designated in 2005 and 2009, respectively.

Hobhouse was [[knight]]ed in 1942. Sir Arthur also served as Chairman of the Rural Housing Committee 1942–1947, was pro-chancellor of [[Bristol University]] and was both Chairman and President of the [[County Council]]s Association (now part of the [[Local Government Association]]).  For many years he was President of the [[Open Spaces Society]], till his resignation in 1955.

==Personal life==
In his youth, Hobhouse's affairs were exclusively homosexual. He had long-standing affairs with the [[Bloomsbury Group]] members [[Lytton Strachey]], [[Duncan Grant]], and [[John Maynard Keynes]]. Hobhouse was considered extremely desirable in Edwardian gay circles and was the subject of much infighting amongst the men of Bloomsbury.<ref>Strachey, Lytton (1994). [[Michael Holroyd]], ed. ''Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self-portrait''. Vintage. ((ISBN|978-0-09-945941-5)), pp. 101-110, 181-183</ref>

Hobhouse married Konradin Huth Jackson, daughter of [[Frederick Huth Jackson|Frederick]] and [[Annabel Huth Jackson]]; they had five children:
*Elizabeth Hobhouse (1921–1995)
*[[Henry Hobhouse (author)|Henry Hobhouse]] (1924–2016)
*Paul Rodbard Hobhouse (1927–1994)
*[[Mary Hermione Hobhouse]] (1934–2014)
*Anne Virginia Hobhouse (1936–2023)

Hobhouse's eldest daughter married first [[Michael Francis Eden]] later Lord Henley, and secondly Michael King, son of [[Cecil Harmsworth King]]. Hobhouse's eldest son, Henry, wrote ''[[Seeds of Change: Five Plants That Transformed Mankind]]''. Henry was married three times, and had a daughter, [[Janet Hobhouse|Janet]], who died in 1991.<ref>((cite news|title=Janet Hobhouse, 42, A Novelist and editor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/04/obituaries/janet-hobhouse-42-a-novelist-and-editor.html|accessdate=10 April 2016|work=The New York Times|date=4 February 1991))</ref><ref>((cite news|last1=Vidal|first1=John|title=Henry Hobhouse obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/10/henry-hobhouse-obituary|accessdate=10 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=10 April 2016))</ref> A younger son, Paul, married [[Penelope Hobhouse|Penelope Chichester-Clark]].<ref>((cite news|title=Henry Hobhouse, author – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/03/25/henry-hobhouse-author---obituary/|accessdate=10 April 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=25 March 2016))</ref>

==Sources==
* Obituary: 'Sir Arthur Hobhouse: A long record of public service', ''[[The Times]]'', 21 January 1965
((reflist))

==See also==
*[[List of Bloomsbury Group people]]

== External links ==
* ((Hansard-contribs | mr-arthur-hobhouse | Arthur Hobhouse ))

((s-start))
((s-par|uk))
((succession box
  | title  = Member of Parliament for [[Wells (UK Parliament constituency)|Wells]]
  | years  = [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923]] – [[1924 United Kingdom general election|1924]]
  | before = [[Robert Bruford]]
  | after  = [[Robert Sanders, 1st Baron Bayford|Robert Arthur Sanders]]
))
((s-end))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hobhouse, Arthur))
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Members of Somerset County Council]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1923–1924]]
[[Category:Hobhouse family|Arthur]]
[[Category:English bisexual politicians]]
[[Category:English bisexual men]]
[[Category:Bisexual male politicians]]
[[Category:LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Bisexual military personnel]]

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