Arturo M. Tolentino | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 10th President of the Senate of the Philippines | |
| In office January 17, 1966 – January 26, 1967 | |
| President | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Preceded by | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Succeeded by | Gil Puyat |
| 15th Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office July 1984 – 1985 | |
| President | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Preceded by | Manuel Collantes (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Pacifico A. Castro (Acting) |
| Senator of the Philippines | |
| In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995 | |
| In office December 30, 1957 – September 23, 1972 | |
| Senate Majority Leader | |
| In office January 26, 1970 – September 23, 1972 | |
| Preceded by | Rodolfo Ganzon |
| Succeeded by | Vacant[a] Orlando S. Mercado |
| In office January 22, 1962 – January 17, 1966 | |
| Preceded by | Cipriano Primicias Sr. |
| Succeeded by | Jose Roy |
| Mambabatas Pambansa from Manila | |
| In office June 30, 1984 – February 16, 1986 | |
| Regional Assemblyman from Region IV | |
| In office June 12, 1978 – June 5, 1984 | |
| Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Manila's 3rd district | |
| In office December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1957 | |
| Preceded by | Post created |
| Succeeded by | Ramon Bagatsing |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Arturo Modesto Tolentino September 19, 1910 Tondo, Manila, Philippines[b] |
| Died | August 2, 2004 (aged 93) Quezon City, Philippines |
| Resting place | Libingan ng mga Bayani, Taguig, Philippines |
| Political party | NPC (1992–2004) KBL (1978–1992) Nacionalista (1949–1972) |
| Spouse(s) | Consuelo David Pilar Adorable Constancia Conde |
| Children | 7 |
Arturo "Ka Turing" Modesto Tolentino (September 19, 1910 – August 2, 2004) was a Filipino politician and diplomat who served as the Senate president and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. He ran as the vice-presidential running mate of Ferdinand Marcos for the 1986 Philippine snap election. He is considered the foremost expert on Civil Law, as he took part in creating the Civil Code of the Philippines as a young esteemed congressman from June 1949 to August 1950.[1] In addition he authored the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act in 1960.[2] His book or volumes of his commentaries have become standard reading for lawyers.
He is also regarded as one of the Filipinos who are highly qualified publicists in International Law, being given the title as the father of the Philippine as well as international "archipelagic doctrine" for inserting the provisions into the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS, particularly the rule on 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zones for archipelagos represented in the United Nations.[3][4]
Arturo Modesto Tolentino was born in Manila of humble parentage.
As a student, Tolentino was noted for his scholarship. He was valedictorian of Mabini Elementary School and the Manila East High School (now Victorino Mapa High School; 1928). He topped the entrance exam at UP Manila, then obtained the degree of Associate in Arts as well as the Bachelor of Philosophy (cum laude) with a gold medal award as valedictorian at UP in 1938, and was valedictorian (cum laude) of the University of the Philippines (UP) College of Law (1934) and a bar topnotcher (1934).[5] He later continued his studies and received the degrees of Master of Law (meritissimus) and Doctor of Civil Law (meritissimus) from the University of Santo Tomás. He was also a short story writer for the Philippines Free Press, and was an undefeated wrestler and bodybuilder.[6]
As a debater and orator, he won seven gold medals (including the Quezon Medal) and two silver loving cups. He held the title of “Inter-Collegiate Oratorical Champion of the Philippines” in 1934. He successfully debated with American students from the University of Oregon in 1933 and from the University of Washington in 1934. In 1934, Tolentino also was the consort to the Miss Manila winner at the Manila Carnival. In UP, he was editor-in-chief of the Philippine Collegian and a fellow of the Upsilon Sigma Phi.[7]
Tolentino engaged in the practice of law after passing the bar in 1934, and was a recognized legal luminary.
He was a law professor in the University of the Philippines, University of Santo Tomás, University of the East, University of Manila, Arellano University, Far Eastern University, Manila Law College, Philippine Law School, San Beda College and Quezon College. A known Civil Law expert in his lifetime.
Tolentino was already a noted civilist scholar and trial lawyer when he was handpicked in 1948 by President Manuel Roxas to be the youngest member of the Code Committee that would draft the first and only Civil Code of the Philippines, which was completed in late 1949 and took effect in 1950.[5] Tolentino was first elected as representative for Manila's 3rd district in 1949; he was the first representative of the district following its establishment that year through the revised Manila city charter. He was re-elected in 1953. Shortly after his re-election, Tolentino was given the position of majority floor leader, which he held until his entry to the Senate four years later and one which, though less glamorous than that of speaker, he preferred and enjoyed.[8]
The duties and responsibilities of majority floor leader and the reason for Tolentino's selection was explained in an article by Manuel Martinez in Tempo October 7, 1983.
In legislation, the majority floor leader, not the Speaker or the presiding officer, is the key man around whom the parliamentary process revolves. He is the lightning rod, the clearing house, the yeoman and work-horse and spark-plug, the whipping boy if he does not watch out, the beast of burden, and center of attention. Only the tough are chosen as floor leaders.[8]
And so, Tolentino discharged his function with awesome skill. It came to pass that there was born a saying, given as wise advice to newcomers to the House and later the Senate, where he was floor leader: ‘Neophytes should observe two things above all. First they should learn parliamentary rules by heart. Second, they should pray not to tangle with Tolentino in a floor debate!”[8]
It was not Tolentino's intention to run for the Senate. He was confident of re-election as congressman, having been nominated by his party and already started his campaign when he was nominated for the Senate. He left the decision to his party leaders because he was unsure of which route to choose. The leaders allowed him to accept the Senate nomination.
Many of the candidates were asked to make financial contributions for their campaign expense. Tolentino did not have sufficient funds. He remembered being asked him how he managed this financial difficulties.[8]
The Nacionalista Party had a strong senatorial slate. In fact, the only casualty that might occur was thought by some leaders to be Tolentino. Their concern turned out to be unnecessary for when the returns came in, he was second behind Gil Puyat.[8]
On March 17, 1957, President Magsaysay was killed in a plane crash in Balamban, Cebu.
Tolentino said:
"I had been going with the President on Provincial trips because the President wanted to introduce me to party leaders and rural electorate for possible candidacy as a senator in 1957. Normally he would go to series of towns briefly speaking in one before proceeding to the next. I would start my speech immediately after he had finished, then follow him as soon as mine was over. On this occasion however I was committed to a speaking engagement in Manila even though I had been scheduled to accompany Magsaysay. I explained my predicament to the President who was very understanding, who gave my seat to the Education Secretary then, who perished with the others on that ill fated flight."
Tolentino was elected in the Senate that year. He was re-elected in 1963 and in 1969.
In 1966, shortly after Ferdinand Marcos was elected president, Tolentino was elected Senate president. A year later, however, he was ousted from his position.
Tolentino said: "I seem to have a lot of frustrations that come along in my life without invitation. When I was Senate President, my term was for two years. But somehow I understood later that President Marcos had made an agreement with another Senator, - Senator Puyat, that after one year he (Puyat) would take my place. In other words we would split the two year term between us. Marcos was frightened of losing party allies and quickly backed out of their so-called "gentleman's agreement".[5]
I was not aware of that arrangement. President Marcos never informed me. So, after twelve months of my term as Senate President, Puyat insisted that he take over. Naturally, I resisted and pointed out that my term had not yet expired. He kept citing an agreement, but I pointed out there was no such agreement.
At the next session of the Senate, Marcos maneuvered the other Senators to comply with this “commitment”, and voted for Puyat. As a result, I got ousted as Senate President halfway through my term of office."
Tolentino was chosen by Marcos as his vice-presidential running mate for the February 7, 1986 snap election. They were against the united opposition of Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel. According to the National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) final tally, Aquino and Laurel were consistently in the lead. The final tally showed Laurel winning by over 800,000 votes—roughly the same margin by which it showed Aquino defeating Marcos. However, according to the COMELEC tally, Tolentino won over Laurel with a margin of approximately one million votes. He was ceremonially sworn in as Vice President of the Philippines on February 16, 1986, but functionally never took office.[9] The disputed outcome would eventually lead to the People Power Revolution which ousted Marcos and installed Aquino as a revolutionary president. In 2013, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines in its Resolution No. 2, series of 2013, officially stated that Tolentino was not elected as Vice-President, consequently excluding him from the official roster of Vice-Presidents of the Philippines.[10]
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Further information: Manila Hotel Siege |
Tolentino then launched a coup on July 6, 1986, declaring that since Marcos was in exile, he was constitutionally the acting president of the Philippines. Marcos allies and about 100 soldiers marched to the luxurious Manila Hotel, barricading it with trucks. He was expecting massive support, but only several thousands of Marcos loyalists supported his cause. On July 8, he agreed to disperse his thousands of civilian supporters and about a hundred military backers, ending the failed coup attempt.
When the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was overwhelmingly approved in a plebiscite, Tolentino announced he would respect the will of the people.
In 1992, Tolentino successfully ran for the Senate, placing 18th under the Nationalist People's Coalition. However, his bid for re-election in 1995 was not successful, and he retired from politics. During this time he still made a lot of important petitions and took part in notable landmark cases including Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance.[11]
Tolentino died of a heart attack on the night of August 2, 2004, at the age of 93. He is buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani.
Tolentino was once the foremost expert in civil law and persons throughout the 1960s to 1980s. The civil law volumes mainly used in the UP College of Law and other law universities are still the Commentaries and Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of the Philippines volumes by Tolentino, a series of volumes published beginning circa 1960.
Sampaloc, Manila has a sports center named after the late senator and has a public monument of Tolentino along Instruccion Street.
Tolentino's first wife died in the war. He then married Pilar Adorable, but annulled due to differences in parenting, as Tolentino was frequently at work though maintained strong relations until their passing. He later married Constancia Conde.[12] Miriam Defensor-Santiago considered Tolentino her chief hero and mentor in the legal field and the Senate.[13]
He had seven children, as acknowledged in his last will and testament (1971): Arturo Jr., Evelyn and Annabella with Consuelo David; Bernadette, Salvador and Victorio with Constancia Conde; and Ma. Elenita with Rosita Robles.
