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((short description|Norwegian sailor and trucker, the earliest confirmed case of HIV/AIDS in Europe))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2020))
((Infobox person
| name          = Arvid Darre Noe
| image         = 
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Arne Vidar Røed
| birth_date    = ((birth date|1946|7|23|df=y))
| birth_place   = [[Norway]]
| death_date    = ((death date and age|1976|4|24|1946|7|23|df=y))
| death_place   = [[Horten]], [[Vestfold]], [[Norway]]
| death_cause   = [[AIDS]]-related complications
| resting_place = Borre Cemetery 
| occupation    = Sailor, truck driver
| known_for     = First named person known to have contracted [[HIV]]
| spouse        = 
| children      = 3
))
'''Arne Vidar Røed''' (23 July 1946 – 24 April 1976), known in medical literature by the [[anagram]] '''Arvid Darre Noe''', was a Norwegian sailor and truck driver who contracted one of the earliest confirmed cases of [[HIV/AIDS]]. His was the first confirmed HIV case in Europe though the disease was not identified at the time of his death. 

The virus spread to his wife and youngest daughter both of whom also died; this was the first documented [[disease cluster|cluster]] of AIDS cases before the AIDS epidemic of the early 1980s.<ref name="Kreston">((cite web |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2012/10/22/aids_in_pre_aids_era/#.U95UhKjXrdk |title=The Sea Has Neither Sense Nor Pity: the Earliest Known Cases of AIDS in the Pre-AIDS Era |last1=Kreston |first1=Rebecca |date=22 October 2012 |work=[[Discover (magazine)|Discover]] |accessdate=3 August 2014 |archive-date=6 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806010854/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2012/10/22/aids_in_pre_aids_era/#.U95UhKjXrdk |url-status=dead ))</ref> 

The researchers studying the cases referred to Røed as the "Norwegian sailor" or the anagram "Arvid Darre Noe" to conceal his identity; his true name, Arne Vidar Røed, became known long after his death.

==Illness and death==
((Section citations needed|date=September 2023))
Røed began his career in the merchant navy in 1961, at the age of 15. As established by the journalist Edward Hooper, Røed visited Africa twice during his travels; the first time from 1961 to 1962 on board the ''Hoegh Aronde'', along the west coast of Africa to [[Douala, Cameroon]]. On this trip, Røed contracted [[gonorrhea]]. 

By 1968, Røed was no longer a [[sailor]] and was working as a [[trucker|long haul truck driver]] throughout Europe mainly in [[West Germany]].

Beginning in 1968, Røed suffered from joint pain, [[lymphedema]], and lung infections (This was also the year American teenager [[Robert Rayford]] first presented with similar symptoms; he was later identified as the first North American AIDS case).<ref>((cite journal |vauthors=Garry RF, Witte MH, Gottlieb AA, Elvin-Lewis M, Gottlieb MS, Witte CL, Alexander SS, Cole WR, Drake WL Jr |date=October 1988 |title=Documentation of an AIDS virus infection in the United States in 1968. |journal=JAMA |volume=260 |issue=14 |pages=2085–7 |doi=10.1001/jama.1988.03410140097031 |pmid=3418874))</ref> 

Røed's condition stabilized with treatment until 1975, when his symptoms worsened. He developed [[motor control]] difficulties and [[HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder|dementia]] and died on 24 April 1976. 

His wife grew ill with similar symptoms and died in December. Although their two older children were not born infected, their third child, a daughter, died on 4 January 1976, at the age of eight, and was the first person documented to have died of AIDS outside the United States. 

Røed, his wife, and his daughter were buried in [[Borre, Norway|Borre]], [[Vestfold]], Norway.

==Later investigations==
Approximately a decade after Røed's death, tests by Dr [[Stig Sophus Frøland]] of the [[Rikshospitalet|Oslo National Hospital]] concluded that blood samples from Røed, his daughter and wife all tested positive for HIV.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Frøland |first1=S.S. |author2=P Jenum |author3=C F Lindboe |author4=K W Wefring |author5=P J Linnestad |author6=T Böhmer |title=HIV-1 Infection in Norwegian Family before 1970 |journal=[[The Lancet]] |volume=331 |issue=8598|date=11 June 1988 |pages=1344–1345 |pmid=2897596 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92164-2 |s2cid=35124293 ))</ref>

Based on research conducted after his death, Røed is believed to have contracted HIV in [[Cameroon]] in 1961 or 1962, where he was known to have been sexually active with many African women, including [[sex work|sex workers]].<ref>((cite journal |last=Hooper |first=Edward |url=http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/315/7123/1689 |title=Sailors and star-bursts, and the arrival of HIV |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |year=1997 |volume=315 |issue=7123 |pages=1689–1691 | pmid=9448543 |doi=10.1136/bmj.315.7123.1689 |url-access=subscription |pmc=2128008 ))</ref> Røed was infected with [[HIV-1#HIV 1|HIV-1 group O]], which is known to have been prevalent in Cameroon in the early 1960s.<ref>Hooper 1999 p. 321</ref>

==See also==
* [[Gaëtan Dugas]]&nbsp;— gay Canadian flight attendant who infected between 245 and 350 gay men from 1972 until his death in 1984, and was once called "Patient Zero" by author [[Randy Shilts]]; this claim was later refuted
* [[Grethe Rask]]&nbsp;— Danish physician infected in 1964 in [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo-Léopoldville]] (now [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DR Congo]]) or in 1972 while performing surgery; died in 1977
* [[Robert Rayford]]&nbsp;— American teenager from [[St. Louis, Missouri]] who was the first confirmed death from AIDS in North America; died in 1969 at the age of 16
* [[Timeline of early HIV/AIDS cases]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Noe, Arvid))
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:AIDS-related deaths in Norway]]
[[Category:Burials in Norway]]
[[Category:Norwegian sailors]]
[[Category:People from Horten]]
[[Category:Truck drivers]]
[[Category:Index cases]]

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