Ashdown House (also known as Ashdown Park) is a 17th-century country house in the civil parish of Ashbury in the English county of Oxfordshire. Until 1974 the house was in the county of Berkshire, and the nearby village of Lambourn remains in that county.

It is a Grade I listed building^[1] and the grounds are included in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens at Grade II*.^[2]

History

Ashdown House is associated with the "Winter Queen" Elizabeth of Bohemia, the older sister of Charles I. Along with his house at Hamstead Marshall, it is said that William, the first Earl of Craven built Ashdown for her, but she died in 1662 before construction began.^[3]

Although the architect is uncertain, it is thought that Craven commissioned Captain William Winde to build the Dutch-style mansion as a hunting lodge and refuge from the plague. The building also acted as a grandstand to watch a hunt within the park.^{[citation needed]}

The house features 8,000 square feet (740 m²) of living space, a large central staircase, reception rooms, interlinking drawing and sitting rooms, a kitchen, a dining room and eight bedrooms. The property includes two lodges, three cottages and a hundred acres of land.^{[citation needed]}

The house was originally built at the junction of the four rides in Craven's hunting park – the four avenues no longer survive as they once did, but portions of them remain. The house is isolated, and the view from the roof includes park-like grounds and gardens, and beyond, woods and pastures. Nearby is a large group of sarsen stones and Alfred's Castle,^[4] a scheduled Iron Age hillfort.^[5]

At least one of the woods of Ashdown Park predates the house. Glastonbury Abbey held the manor of Ashbury until the Dissolution of the monasteries in 1539.^[6] A deer park was established for the Abbey in the south of the parish.^[7] It is bounded by an ancient embankment enclosing a rounded area characteristic of Medieval deer parks.^[8] The embankment would have been topped by a park pale, probably of cleft oak stakes.^[8] The park may equate to the Aysshen Wood that a terrier of the parish in 1519 recorded as covering 415 acres (168 ha).^[6] The former deer park is now the Upper Wood of Ashdown Park. Ashdown Park is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.^[9]

Although a few alterations were made to the house, the building remained largely as-built until it was requisitioned for use by the army during World War II. The occupation left it in a near derelict state.^[10] The National Trust has owned Ashdown House since 1956 when it was donated to the trust by Cornelia, Countess of Craven (wife of William Craven, 4th Earl of Craven).^[11] The house is tenanted, and has been renovated by recent lease holders.

In 2010 Pete Townshend bought a 41-year lease on the property^[12][13] and in 2011 a structural renovation was begun. Public access is restricted to the stairs and roof, with broad views of Berkshire Downs. There is also public access to the neighbouring Ashdown Woods.^[14][15] Admission to the house is by guided tour on Wednesdays and Saturdays from April to October.