Established on December 26, 1831 as the Imperial Regia Privilegiata Compagnia di Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche ('Imperial and Royal Privileged Company for General Austrian-Italian Insurances') in Trieste. Its promoter was Giuseppe Lazzaro Morpurgo.[citation needed]
The adjective "Generali" ("general") referred to the company's comprehensive insurance coverage across all the branches (fire, life, hail, sea, land and river transport). This approach was rare at the time when most Trieste insurance companies focused solely on maritime transport, except for the Azienda Assicuratrice, which also dealt with hail insurance.[4]
The "Austrian-Italian" label referred to the company's dual management structure, with the main office in Trieste responsible for the company's affairs and relations with the Habsburg Monarchy, (at the time, Trieste was the most important seaport of the Austrian Empire). Meanwhile, a management office in Venice oversaw activities in Lombardy-Venetia and the Italian peninsula.[5]
Financed with a share capital of two million florins, Generali attracted a diverse group of shareholders[6] from Trieste and Lombardy-Venetia, including influential figures like Giovanni Cristoforo Ritter de Záhony, Giovanni Battista de Rosmini, Marco Parente, Samuele Della Vida, and Pasquale Revoltella.[5]
The Habsburg eagle symbol, a nod to Trieste's Austrian possession since 1382 until 1918, was chosen as the company's emblem. Generali's early presence in multiple markets stemmed from the historically commercial nature of both Trieste and Venice. In its first decade, the company's agency network expanded across all Italian states, major cities of the empire, and leading European ports. [7]
Until 1847, Gianbattista de Rosmini, the legal adviser and a significant shareholder, played a pivotal role, serving as the permanent president of the General Congresses and effectively leading the company.[6] Following the uprisings of the Risorgimento in 1848, the "Austrian-Italian" adjective was dropped, and the company became only Assicurazioni Generali.[6]
By 1856, Generali had grown to become the largest insurance company in the Austrian Empire, culminating in its listing on the Trieste Stock Exchange the following year.[7] Following Italy's unification, Generali's Venetian management led the company to become the largest insurance company in the newly formed kingdom,[7] with Samuele Della Vida overseeing the Italian branch until 1875.[6]
The symbol of Assicurazioni Generali is derived from the flag of the Republic of Venice, dissolved by Napoleon three decades before the company was founded.
In 1869, Generali foresaw the significant impact of the Suez Canal's inauguration on world trade. Key figures within the company, including Pasquale Revoltella and Giuseppe Morpurgo, were involved in the historic event, with Revoltella becoming the vice president of the Universal Company of the Suez Canal.[8]
The opening of the canal brought about a favorable economic climate for Generali, leading to its expansion across various regions, from the eastern Mediterranean to North Africa, the Far East, and the Americas.[9]
Under the stewardship of Marco Besso, who managed the company from 1877 to 1920 and eventually became its president, Generali assumed an international dimension. The company opened agencies in the Mediterranean, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, the Americas, and the Far East, while also founding subsidiaries such as Erste Allgemeine Schaden und Unfallversicherung in Vienna, Generala in Romania, Anonima Grandine, and Anonima Infortuni in Italy. [10][11]
During this period, Generali's most prestigious Italian offices were constructed, including notable buildings in Florence, Trieste, Milan, Rome, and Turin.[10] In 1914, the Procuratie Vecchie, the seat of the Venice administration, underwent restructuring.[12]
Amidst the challenges of the First World War, which pitted Italy against Austria-Hungary, Generali's Venetian and Trieste headquarters maintained their operational independence, allowing the company to navigate complex circumstances without taking political positions that could compromise its integrity.[6]
The Italian period
Original metal plaque with raised gilt signature and Lion of Saint Mark, 1924–1940.Insurance policy of the Assicurazioni Generali, issued 1919[13]
In 1920, Edgardo Morpurgo assumed the role of president, ushering in a phase of further international expansion for the company. By 1924, due in part to the division of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Generali had established eight overseas management offices and had a presence in sixty branches and agencies across thirty countries. By 1935, it had expanded to include twenty-nine subsidiaries in Europe, four in the Americas, two in Africa, and one in Asia. During this time, the company's image was managed by Marcello Dudovich, contributing to its growing reputation.[12]Alleanza Assicurazioni was acquired during this period.[14]
However, the mid-thirties brought challenges, as the rise of racial laws and the tightening relationship with Fascism created a difficult environment.[6]
In the first century of activity, Assicurazioni Generali had consolidated and expanded also thanks to the decisive presence of shareholders and managers of Jewish origin,[15] from the Morpurgos to the Maurogonatos, from the Levi Della Vidas to the Treves de' Bonfilis.
In 1938, as the impending "racial laws" loomed and Benito Mussolini visited Trieste, a Morpurgo, who was serving as president at the time, was asked to resign, handing over the presidency to Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. During this era, Generali was under the guidance of managing director Gino Baroncini.[6]
The company faced significant challenges during World War II, including German and Yugoslav occupations and the subsequent British-American administration of the Free Territory of Trieste. Following this tumultuous period, Generali's branches in Eastern countries were expropriated under the presidencies of Antonio Cosulich (1943-1948) and Mario Abbiate (1948-1954), adding to the complexities.[12]
Between 1960 and 1968, Baroncini, who had been with Generali since 1937, served as president during Italy's economic boom.
In 1963 the French branch of Generali, Concorde, adopting the intuition of Pierre Desnos, founded Europ Assistance; the new company gave birth to the concept of "private assistance", offering organized support to individuals facing difficult situations away from home.[16]
In 1974, the company established Genagricola, which focused on the Group's agricultural activities.[17]
From 1968 to 1979 Cesare Merzagora was president and restructured the company in a more efficient and transparent way.[16][6] He was succeeded by Enrico Randone, who held the position until 1990.[18]
In 1988, Generali bolstered its presence in France by acquiring a stake in Compagnie du Midi. The following year, it became a shareholder in the AXA Midi group.[19][20] In 1996,[21] Generali made a strategic decision to sell its share package, providing the necessary liquidity for the purchase of INA Assitalia.[22][23][24]
During the 1990s, Generali continued to innovate. In 1994, it launched Genertel, the first company in Italy to offer financial services via telephone.[25][26]
Four years later, in 1998, Banca Generali was established as an online bank. Over time, Banca Generali evolved into a banking hub within the Group, moving into the private banking segment.
Following the acquisition of INA Assitalia in 2000, Generali continued its growth trajectory with the acquisition of Toro Assicurazioni in 2006.[27] As the company expanded, it established Generali Real Estate in 2011 to manage its real estate activities.[28] Generali Real Estate soon became a prominent player in the sector, becoming the sole owner of CityLife,[29] the new residential and commercial complex that stands on the area of the old Milan fair at Portello. Among the notable structures within CityLife is the iconic Generali tower, designed by archistar Zaha Hadid, which has served as the Group's headquarters in Milan since 2019.[30]
In 2013, a significant corporate restructuring took place when the Italian branch of Assicurazioni Generali was incorporated into INA Assitalia, leading to the formation of Generali Italia. The new entity, effective from July 1, 2013, encompassed Toro Assicurazioni, Lloyd Italico, and Augusta Assicurazioni, with Philippe Donnet assuming the role of Managing Director and Country Manager in Italy.[31]
Donnet became CEO of the Generali Group in March 2016.[32] Under his management, the group successfully implements two strategic plans and the financial results are growing.[33]
In 2022, the general shareholders' meeting reappointed Philippe Donnet for a third term,[34] affirming the strategic plan Lifetime Partner 24: Driving Growth which was presented in December 2021.[35] During the same meeting, Andrea Sironi, an academic and president of Bocconi University, was elected president of the Group.[36]
The company continued its expansion efforts in June 2023, announcing the acquisition of Liberty Seguros, a competitor operating in Spain and Portugal's non-life insurance sector, from the US group Liberty Mutual. The acquisition, amounting to 2.3 billion euros, will solidify Generali's direct channel European positioning and harness the strong capabilities of Liberty Seguros in this domain.[37]
As a result, Generali will rise to become the fourth non-life insurance company in Spain, the second in the Portuguese market and will enter the top ten in the sector in Ireland and Northern Ireland.[38][39]
On July 6, 2023, Generali made another significant acquisition, this time acquiring Conning and its subsidiaries. Additionally, the company entered into a ten-year partnership with Cathay Life, making the latter a minority shareholder (holding 16.75% shares) in Generali Investment Holding, an entity that houses the majority of Generali's asset management activities.[40]
This acquisition bolstered Generali's total assets under management, which now amount to a substantial 775 billion euros, an increase of 144 billion euros.[41] Consequently, Generali claimed its position as the ninth European player in terms of assets under management (AuM).[42]
Operations
Generali boasts a global presence, operating in 50 countries through a network of over 400 companies.[1]
The company's current organizational structure comprises five distinct Business Units:[43]
Based on the share capital, 65.13% of Assicurazioni Generali is owned by Italian investors.
Notable employees
Franz Kafka worked for nearly nine months (between November 1, 1907, and July 15, 1908) at the Assicurazioni Generali office in Prague.
The Human Safety Net
The Human Safety Net is the foundation established by Generali in 2017 with the mission to support disadvantaged individuals and communities,[47] empowering them to improve their living conditions and unlock their potential. The foundation focuses on assisting people living in vulnerable conditions, providing them with opportunities for growth and progress.[48]
To fulfill its mission, The Human Safety Net collaborates with approximately 60 entities, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and social enterprises.[49]
Through these partnerships, the foundation implements various programs aimed at two primary target groups: families[50] and refugees.[51]
The Human Safety Net is based at the Procuratie Vecchie, Generali's historic headquarters in Venice.[52]
Sponsorship
Generali demonstrates a strong commitment to sports sponsorship and sustainability, engaging in various initiatives that promote and support sports activities.
Generali serves as the sponsor of the France National Volleyball Team, and has been a sponsor of the French Federation of Volleyball for 19 years.
In 2010, in line with the Group's guidelines and values, Generali launched the Responsible Sports Charter, aimed at actively fostering a culture of sustainability in sports.
Furthermore, Generali sponsors two football stadiums, the Stadion Letná in Prague and the Franz Horr Stadium in Vienna.
For over four decades, Generali has been a sponsor of Barcolana, a historic international sailing regatta held annually in the Gulf of Trieste.[53]
Additionally, Generali is a sponsor of two marathons, the Generali Berlin Half Marathon in Berlin[54] and the Generali München Marathon in Munich.[55]
Controversy
Although Generali is involved in indemnifying the policies of Holocaust victims (having created in 1997 a “Policy Information Center” in Trieste, funded the independent trust “The Generali Fund in Memory of the Generali Insured in East and Central Europe Who Perished in the Holocaust”, ceased in 2008, and being a founding member of the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims), a lawsuit aiming to collect claims on life insurance policies sold to victims of the Holocaust was started. In 2007 Generali decided to voluntarily[56] enter into a class action settlement approved by the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, after the lower court had already dismissed all of the cases and claims against it.[57][58]
The Law & Order episode "Blood Money" is based on Generali subsidiaries selling life insurance to poor Jews in WWII Europe and then not paying out in case of death. In the episode, the motive for a retired insurance salesman's murder appears to be a series of policies he sold to Jews in Poland during the Holocaust.[59]
^Saraval, Gino (1938). "I deputati triestini al parlamento di Vienna dal 1873 al 1897". La porta orientale: rivista mensile di studi giuliani e dalmati (in Italian). Vol. 5-6 (May - June). pp. 221–241.
^Basile, Nicola Dante (2005). I cavalieri della tavola: storie di uomini e aziende del buongusto italiano [The knights of the table: stories of men and companies of Italian good taste] (in Italian). Libri Scheiwiller. ISBN978-88-7644-485-2.
^Il Direct Insurance in Italia - Trend di mercato, modelli di business e strategie competitive [Direct Insurance in Italy - Market trends, business models and competitive strategies] (in Italian). Egea. 2011. ISBN9788823811133.
^Intermediazione assicurativa e mercato [Insurance brokerage and market] (in Italian). Franco Angeli Editore. 2009. ISBN9788856809701.
€81.538 billion (2022)[1]
