| Athletics at the Games of the XVIII Olympiad | |
|---|---|
 Billy Mills crossing the finish line in the 10,000 metres at the 1964 Olympic Games. | |
| No. of events | 36 |
| Competitors | 1,016 from 82 nations |
At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, the athletics competition included 36 events, 24 for men and 12 for women. The women's 400 metres and women's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games. There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  United States (USA) | 14 | 7 | 3 | 24 |
| 2 |  Soviet Union (URS) | 5 | 2 | 11 | 18 |
| 3 |  Great Britain (GBR) | 4 | 7 | 1 | 12 |
| 4 |  United Team of Germany (EUA) | 2 | 5 | 3 | 10 |
| 5 |  Poland (POL) | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
| 6 |  New Zealand (NZL) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 7 |  Romania (ROU) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 8 |  Australia (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 9 |  Italy (ITA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 |  Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Ethiopia (ETH) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Finland (FIN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 13 |  Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 14 |  Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 15 |  Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 16 |  Canada (CAN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
 France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 18 |  Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 Tunisia (TUN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 20 |  Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 Kenya (KEN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (22 entries) | 36 | 36 | 36 | 108 | |
