Major north-south flyway for migratory birds in North America
Waterfowl flyways in the United States. The Atlantic Flyway is in violet
The Atlantic Flyway is a major north-south flyway for migratory birds in North America. The route generally starts in Greenland, then follows the Atlantic coast of Canada, then south down the Atlantic Coast of the United States to the tropical areas of South America and the Caribbean.[1] Every year, migratory birds travel up and down this route following food sources, heading to breeding grounds, or traveling to overwintering sites.
This route is used by birds typically because no mountains block most of this path, though birds cross the Appalachian Mountains to join the flyway. Good sources of water, food, and cover exist over its entire length. The warm climates found in the southern portion of the region are home to many northern birds in winter, while in summer the region is home to many bird species from South America.
Land located within the Atlantic Flyway is the most densely populated land out of the four major flyways crossing the United States.[2]
Notable locations
Along the Atlantic Flyway, there are many key sites that migratory birds use to gather to breed, feed, or rest for certain periods. Some species may remain in these rest stops for the entire season, but most continue to move on. Notable locations include:
Acadia National Park, Maine. The park preserves about half of Mount Desert Island, many adjacent smaller islands, and part of the Schoodic Peninsula on the coast of Maine. A total of 215 bird species, including migratory birds, are present at some time during the year. An additional 116 species are possibly present but unconfirmed, making a total of 331 potential species.
Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland'sEastern Shore. The refuge includes over 30,000 acres of tidal marsh, managed freshwater wetlands, mixed hardwood and loblolly pine forests, and croplands.[3] It hosts over 250 bird species and serves as an important resting and feeding site for migrating and wintering waterfowl,[4] including more than 35,000 Canada geese and 15,000 ducks using the Atlantic Flyway during the fall migration.[5] The refuge is home to one of the highest concentrations of nesting bald eagles on the Atlantic coast.[6]
Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina. Cape Hatteras is a wind-swept barrier islands along the North Carolina coast, much of it protected from development. The 75-miles of towering sand dunes, marsh, and forests provide great bird viewing year-round.
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina. Cape Romain features over 293 species of birds recorded on the refuge, birdwatching opportunities are excellent year-round. During spring and fall, migratory shorebirds, songbirds and raptors move through the refuge.
Delaware Bay, Delaware. This massive bay has been recognized as a globally important bird area. Foremost among these bird-watching paradises is Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge along the Delaware Bay, recognized as one of America's Top 100 “Important Birding Areas” by the American Bird Conservancy. Just to the north in the middle of the Delaware River, Pea Patch Island is home to one of the largest and most diverse heronries on the East Coast, boasting nesting pairs of Great Blue Herons, Great Egrets, Snowy Egrets, and many more colorful varieties.
Jekyll Island, Georgia. Habitat types include salt marsh, sand dune/beach, maritime forest, and tidal creeks, which host many different species of bird.
Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. Dry Tortugas islands, the westernmost and most isolated of the Florida Keys. The archipelago's coral reefs are the least disturbed of the Florida Keys reefs. The park is noted for abundant sea life, tropical bird breeding grounds, colorful coral reefs, and shipwrecks and sunken treasures. The Dry Tortugas provide the only regular nesting site for Sooty Terns, Masked Boobies, Brown Noddies, and Magnificent Frigatebirds in the continental U.S. For birders, spring migration is the main attraction in the Tortugas, offering an alluring mix of breeding rarities and exhausted migrants after traveling nonstop over the Gulf of Mexico. During peak migration, this can lead to visitors seeing a mind-boggling variety of birds, including prized species like Hooded Warblers, Yellow-throated Vireos, and Summer Tanagers. In addition to these migrants, Caribbean specialties are also on the menu, including the White-tailed Tropicbird, Antillean Nighthawk, and Black Noddy.
J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. Abundance of shorebirds, waterfowl, wading birds, passerines and raptors. Alligators can be seen on cold mornings basking in the sun. Neo-tropical migratory birds are present and start migrating through March. Marsh drawdown coincides with shorebird migration. Osprey nesting peaks in March.
