Audata
Αὐδάτη
Tenurec. 359 – c. 336 BC
Died336 BC
SpousePhilip II
IssueCynane
DynastyArgead

Audata (Ancient Greek Αὐδάτη; ruled c. 359 – c. 336 BC) was an Illyrian princess and the first attested wife of Philip II of Macedon.[1][2][3][4]

Biography

She was the daughter or granddaughter[5] of the Illyrian king Bardyllis. In order to concentrate on the internal struggle necessary to secure his crown, Philip II reaffirmed the treaty the Illyrians had imposed on Macedonia by force of arms and sealed the alliance with Bardyllis by his marriage of Audata. This action undoubtedly deterred a full-scale Illyrian invasion of Macedonia at a time when the country was most vulnerable.[Note 1] Philip II immediately consolidated his power as a result, so much that he defeated Bardylis in a decisive battle in 358 BC.

Audata was the first attested wife of Philip II.[1][2][3] Their marriage has been estimated to have taken place during the events between 360 and 359 BCE.[6] She took the name Eurydice, the name of Philip's mother, after the wedding.[7] This name change was probably due to dynastic reasons, because she was briefly the official queen of Philip II. Calling her Eurydice could easily be a mistake of either Arrian or Photius, but it could also signify that Philip chose to change Audata's Illyrian name to something more Greek, or it could speak to his filial piety or simply to indicate that her status had changed.[8]: 58  Soon after, Olympias became the main wife of Philip II.

Her granddaughter was also named Eurydice. Audata probably lived into her daughter's teens and may still have been alive at the time of her daughter's marriage to Philip's nephew Amyntas IV. The assignment of the name Eurydice to Cleopatra, the niece of Attalus in 337/336 BC may suggest that Audata was no longer alive or at the court at that time, but Alexander the Great would certainly have encountered her in Pella as a child.[citation needed]

Notes

  1. ^ The time of this marriage is somewhat disputed while some historians maintain that the marriage happened after the defeat of Bardyllis. (Carney, 2000)

References

  1. ^ a b Carney 2000, p. 57.
  2. ^ a b Stronk, Jan P. (2016). Semiramis' Legacy. The History of Persia According to Diodorus of Sicily. Edinburgh University Press.
  3. ^ a b Penrose, Walter Duvall Jr. (2016). Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity and Courage in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit Literature. Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ Wilkes, John (1995). The Illyrians (Reprinted. ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. p. 122. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.
  5. ^ Grainger, John D. (2017). Great Power Diplomacy in the Hellenistic World. New York: Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-315-58582-6.
  6. ^ Hatzopoulos, M. B. (2020). Ancient Macedonia. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 139. ISBN 978-3-11-071868-3.
  7. ^ Heckel, Waldemar (2005). Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 336 pages. ISBN 978-1-4051-1210-9.
  8. ^ Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2000). Women and monarchy in Macedonia. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3212-9.
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