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((Short description|Community area in Chicago))
((About|the neighborhood|the park|Avondale Park (Chicago)))
((More citations needed|date=June 2017))
((Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info -->
|name = Avondale
|official_name = Community Area 21 - Avondale
|other_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = ((nowrap|[[Community areas of Chicago|Community area]]))
|motto =
<!-- images and maps -->
|image_skyline =StHyacinthChicago.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = [[Basilica of St. Hyacinth|St. Hyacinth Basilica]] towers over the Avondale neighborhood.
|image_map = US-IL-Chicago-CA21.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location within the city of Chicago
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Illinois
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
|subdivision_type3 = City
|subdivision_name3 = Chicago
|parts_type = [[Neighborhoods of Chicago|Neighborhoods]]
|parts_style=list
|parts =
|p1 = [[#Avondale|Avondale]]
|p2 = [[#Belmont Gardens|Belmont Gardens]]
|p3 = [[#Jackowo|Jackowo]]
|p4 = [[#Wacławowo|Wacławowo]]
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =5.18
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 36,257
|population_note = 
|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 =[[Demographics]] 2018<ref name="CMAP" />
|demographics1_footnotes =
|demographics1_title1 =[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|White]]
|demographics1_info1 = 34.75%
|demographics1_title2 =Black
|demographics1_info2 = 1.96%
|demographics1_title3 =Hispanic
|demographics1_info3 = 57.12%
|demographics1_title4 =Asian
|demographics1_info4 = 3.74%
|demographics1_title5 =Other
|demographics1_info5 = 2.43%
|demographics_type2=[[Educational attainment in the United States|Educational Attainment]] 2018<ref name="CMAP" />
|demographis2_footnotes=
|demographics2_title1=High School Diploma or Higher
|demographics2_info1=78.44%
|demographics2_title2=Bachelor's Degree or Higher
|demographics2_info2=35.18%

<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|coordinates = ((coord|41|56.4|N|87|42.6|W|region:US|display=inline,title))
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[Zip code|ZIP Codes]]
|postal_code = 60618
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Household income in the United States|Median household income]]
|blank_info = $60,000<ref name="CMAP" />
|website =
|footnotes = Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services
))

'''Avondale''' (((IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|v|ə|n|d|eɪ|l))) is one of [[Chicago]]'s 77 officially designated [[community areas of Chicago|community areas]]. It is on the Northwest Side of the city. The northern border is [[Addison Street]] from the [[Chicago River#North Branch|north branch of the Chicago River]] in the east to [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski Road]] in the west. The neighborhood extends further west along [[Belmont Avenue (Chicago)|Belmont Avenue]] to the [[Union Pacific/Northwest Line]]. Its southern border is [[Diversey Parkway|Diversey Avenue]] from the Union Pacific/Northwest Line to the Chicago River.<ref name=HANDBOOK>((cite book|last=Zangs|first=Mary|date=July 1, 2014|title=The Chicago 77: A Community Area Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6mACQAAQBAJ&q=Austin%2C+Chicago&pg=PT90|location=[[Stroud|Stroud, Gloucestershire, England]]|publisher=[[The History Press]]|isbn=978-1626196124))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/doit/general/GIS/Chicago_Maps/Community_Areas/CA_AVONDALE.pdf|title=Community Area: Avondale|publisher=City of Chicago|date=June 1, 2015|access-date=June 22, 2017))</ref>

==History==
The first European settler in Avondale was Abraham Harris who settled the area three years after its 1850 incorporation into [[Jefferson Township, Cook County, Illinois|Jefferson Township]].<ref name=TOWNSHIP>((cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/668.html|access-date=June 22, 2017|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|author=Keating, Ann Durkin|title=Jefferson Township))</ref> In 1869, Avondale was incorporated as a village. It has been speculated that developer and Pennsylvania native John Lewis Cochran named the village in honor of the miners and rescue workers who died in the [[Avondale Mine disaster|Avondale coal mine fire]]. Atypical for the time, Avondale was racially integrated in the nineteenth century with twenty [[African American]] families moving to the area and building Avondale's first church in the 1880s.<ref name=HANDBOOK /> Avondale, along with the rest of Jefferson Township, was annexed by the City of Chicago in 1889.

Factories and other industries sprang up around the start of the 20th century due to the [[Chicago River]] and Avondale's dense network of transportation corridors that were built in the 1870s and improved after its annexation into Chicago including replacement of [[Cable car (railway)|cable cars]] with [[History of trams#Electric trams|electric powered streetcars]]. The resulting jobs in the area were responsible for drawing the initial wave of European immigrants.<ref name=AVONDALE>((cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/98.html|access-date=June 22, 2017|year=2005|encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|author=Solzman, David M.|title=Avondale))</ref>

Avondale was the site of one of Chicago's "Seven Lost Wonders", the [[Olson Park and Waterfall]] complex at [[Diversey Parkway (Chicago)|Diversey]] and [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski]].<ref>((cite news| url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/chi-0508290065aug29,0,5504866.story?coll=chi-homepagepromo440-f | work=Chicago Tribune | title=Chicago's Seven Lost Wonders | first=Ron | last=Grossman))</ref>

Beginning in the 1980s, [[Latinos|Latino settlement]] began in Avondale. A multiplicity of other diverse Eastern European ethnicities came to the area following the [[Revolutions of 1989|End of Communism]] in 1989, leading to Avondale's nickname as the neighborhood ''"Where Eastern Europe meets Latin America"''.

Starting in the mid-2000s, gentrification began to take hold in the Avondale area as it had in neighboring [[Wicker Park, Chicago|Wicker Park]], [[Logan Square, Chicago#Logan Square|Logan Square]] and [[Logan Square, Chicago#Bucktown|Bucktown]].<ref>((cite news|last=Vivanco|first=Leonor|date=January 20, 2016|title=Makin' a move: For great food and cheap rent, head to Avondale|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-01-20/news/1001200142_1_avondale-wicker-park-burger|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|location=[[Chicago, Illinois]]|access-date=June 23, 2017))</ref><ref>((cite news|last=Lekach|first=Sasha|date=August 23, 2015|title= Chicago's hottest neighborhoods: These areas have seen their markets rise this summer|url= https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/241411032/|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|location=[[Chicago, Illinois]]|access-date=June 23, 2017))</ref>

==Demographics==
((US Census population
|align=left
|1930=48433
|1940=47684
|1950=45313
|1960=39748
|1970=35714
|1980=33527
|1990=35579
|2000=43085
|2010=39262
|2020=36257
|footnote=<ref name="CMAP"/>
))
Avondale has traditionally had a large Polish population, with patches of German, Scandinavian, and Italians settlement as well.<ref name="ReferenceA">((cite web|url=http://forgottenchicago.com/features/holiday-in-avondale/|title=Holiday in Avondale - Forgotten Chicago - History, Architecture, and Infrastructure|website=Forgottenchicago.com|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> In recent years this [[blue-collar]] neighborhood has witnessed an increase in its social diversity. The collapse of Communism in [[Eastern Europe]] witnessed an influx of [[Eastern Europe]]an immigrants such as [[Czech Americans|Czechs]], [[Slovak Americans|Slovaks]], [[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainians]] and [[Belarusian Americans|Belarusians]], particularly alongside Poles in the "Polish Village".<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The emigration of peoples from the [[Soviet Bloc]] in Avondale since then has grown to include [[Russophone]] nationals from [[Central Asia]] and even [[Mongolia]].  A strong [[Filipino American|Filipino]] community is present in Avondale as well, which is home to Chicago's Filipino TV outlet.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.viatimes.com/contactus.html|title=VIA Times|website=VIA Times|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] settlement beginning in the 1980s led to an increase in Avondale's Hispanic population from 37.6% in 1990 to 62.0% in 2000, with increased numbers of Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central American immigrants.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.chicagoareahousing.org/|title=chicagoareahousing.org|website=Chicagoareahousing.org|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> Because of [[gentrification]], the last decade has seen a reversal of this trend, as the non-Hispanic white population has been expanding faster than the Hispanic population.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.robparal.com/downloads/ChicagoChange.pdf|title=Estimates of Chicago Population Change Based on The 2000 Census And The American Community Survey 5‐Year Estimates (2005/2009)|website=Robparal.com|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012202622/http://www.robparal.com/downloads/ChicagoChange.pdf|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=dead))</ref>
((Clear))

==Transportation==
Avondale is served by the [[Chicago "L"|'L']] at two stations along the [[Blue Line (CTA)|Blue Line]]. The ((cta|Belmont|Blue)) station is on the northeastern edge next to the [[Kennedy Expressway]] at the intersection of Kimball Avenue and [[Belmont Avenue (Chicago)|Belmont]], less than three blocks away from [[Basilica of Saint Hyacinth|St. Hyacinth's]] former mission of Our Lady of Lourdes; the ((cta|Addison|Blue)) station is located in the median of the same expressway adjacent to the neighboring [[Villa District]].

Avondale is also accessible by a number of bus routes run by the [[Chicago Transit Authority|CTA]].
*Running Northwest/ Southeast:
**<code>[[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|56 Milwaukee]]</code>
*Running North/ South:
**<code>[[Western Avenue (Chicago)|49 Western]]</code>
**<code>52 Kedzie/California</code>
**<code>[[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|53 Pulaski]]</code>
**<code>82 Kimball-Homan</code>
*Running East/ West:
**<code>[[Diversey Parkway (Chicago)|76 Diversey]]</code>
**<code>[[Belmont Avenue (Chicago)|77 Belmont]]</code>
**<code>[[Addison Street|152 Addison]]</code>

==Neighborhoods==
===Polish Village===
[[Image:Polish Village.jpg|left|thumb|Polish store on [[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|Milwaukee Avenue]] ]]
[[File:Rahm Emanuel at St. Hyacinth Church.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rahm Emanuel]] speaking at [[Basilica of St. Hyacinth|St. Hyacinth Basilica]].]]
[[Image:St Wenceslaus in Chicago.JPG|left|thumb|''Wacławowo'' is derived from the Polish name for the church of [[St. Wenceslaus in Chicago|St. Wenceslaus]]. Photographer [[Richard Nickel]] was married here in 1950. ]]
((anchor|Jackowo))

The '''Polish Village''' or '''Jackowo''' ((IPAc-pl|j|a|c|'|k|o|w|o)) and '''Wacławowo''' ((IPAc-pl|w|a|c|ł|a|'|w|o|w|o)), together make up one of Chicago's largest and most vibrant ''[[Polish Patches]]''. The [[neighborhood]]s derive their Polish names from the two contiguous Polish Roman Catholic parishes- [[Basilica of St. Hyacinth|Saint Hyacinth's Basilica]] (''Bazylika Św. Jacka'') and [[St. Wenceslaus in Chicago|St. Wenceslaus Church]] (''Kościół Świętego Wacława'').<ref name="mentalfloss.com">((cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/55060/how-chicagos-neighborhoods-got-their-names|title=How Chicago's Neighborhoods Got Their Names|date=3 November 2015|website=Mentalfloss.com|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> [[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|Milwaukee Avenue]] is the district's main commercial strip, which includes a number of [[sausage]] shops, [[restaurant]]s, and [[bakery|bakeries]].  In English the area is usually referred to as the '''Polish Village''' - the name featured on signs hung on street lamps over the district. [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski Avenue]], named after the [[Polish people|Polish]] [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]] hero, runs through the area.

The Polish communities of Jackowo and Wacławowo appeared in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Polish settlement spread further northwest along [[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|Milwaukee Avenue]]. The neighborhood experienced its heyday as the cultural nexus of [[Chicago]]'s [[Polish diaspora|Polonia]] during the 1980s and 1990s with the so-called [[Solidarnosc|Solidarity]] and Post-Solidarity waves of [[Polish migration to Chicago]], including a number of political [[refugee]]s.<ref>((cite web|url=http://urbanarchives.wordpress.com/2007/09/05/chicago-pol-mex-fusion/|title=chicago pol-mex fusion|date=6 September 2007|website=Urbanarchives.wordpress.com|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> Until the recent installation of an automated system, on Sunday mornings the CTA driver would announce "Yats- koh- voh", signaling the stop for St. Hyacinth Basilica as Poles shuttled off the bus on their way to Mass.<ref name="polishnews.com">((cite web|url=http://www.polishnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1329:avondale-and-chicagos-polish-village&catid=90:polish-tradition&Itemid=322|title=Strona główna - Polishnews.com|website=Polishnews.com|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> Local landmarks and institutions increasingly became revitalized and renewed while taking on an increasingly ethnic hue by catering to these recent arrivals from Poland. The historic [[Milford Theatre (Chicago)|Milford Theatre]]  served as the central [[Polish Film|Polish cinema]] arts venue like [[Jefferson Park, Chicago|Jefferson Park's]] [[Gateway Theater (Chicago)|Gateway Theater]] today, with locals giving it the nickname ''"Cinema Polski"'',<ref name="polishnews.com"/> drawing even [[Street photography|street photographer]] '''[[Vivian Maier]]'''.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.vivianmaier.com/research/vivian-maier/|title=Vivian Maier - Vivian Maier Photographer|website=Vivianmaier.com|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref>

A distinct flowering of [[Culture of Poland#Art|Polish arts]] and [[Polish culture|culture]] took place here in Avondale, an environment where Poles could finally freely express themselves without worrying about incurring the wrath of government censors or [[political repression]]. The events and activities organized here by [[Chicago's Polish community]] played a key role in shaping the chain of events that eventually resulted in the collapse of the [[People's Republic of Poland|Communist government in Poland]], bringing down the [[Iron Curtain]] that had divided Europe since after World War II.<ref name="nwchicagohistory.org">((cite web |url=http://www.nwchicagohistory.org/NWCHS_-_July_2009.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727133814/http://www.nwchicagohistory.org/NWCHS_-_July_2009.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 ))</ref> An expressive and now decaying mural in the McDonald's parking lot combining Polish patriotic and folkloric motifs by [[Caryl Yasko]] titled ''"Razem"'', or together in Polish, was painted thanks in part to funds furnished by the [[Polish American Congress]] in 1975.<ref name="forgottenchicago.com">((cite web|url=http://forgottenchicago.com/features/chicago-areas/holiday-in-avondale/|title=Holiday in Avondale - Forgotten Chicago - History, Architecture, and Infrastructure|website=Forgottenchicago.com|access-date=12 October 2017))</ref> It now stands near the corners of [[Belmont Avenue (Chicago)|Belmont]] and [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski]] in mute testament to this bygone renaissance.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/weber.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-03-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527134839/http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/weber.pdf |archive-date=2010-05-27 ))</ref>

Just to the north of Jackowo is Wacławowo and the parish of [[St. Wenceslaus in Chicago|St. Wenceslaus]], with its impressive church. Housing stock there primarily consists of [[brick]] two-flats built in the first half of the 20th century prior to [[World War II]], although there are a number of [[bungalows]] present in the area neighboring the [[Villa District]] to the north.

===Belmont Gardens===
'''Belmont Gardens''' spans the [[Community areas of Chicago|Chicago Community Areas]] of Logan Square and Avondale like neighboring Kosciuszko Park, located within its northwest portion, where the [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski]] Industrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. The boundaries of Belmont Gardens are generally held to be [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski Road]] to the East, the [[Union Pacific/Northwest]] rail line to the West, [[Belmont Avenue (Chicago)|Belmont Avenue]] to the North, and [[Fullerton Avenue (Chicago)|Fullerton Avenue]] to the South.

Most of the land between [[Fullerton Avenue (Chicago)|Fullerton Avenue]] and [[Diversey Parkway|Diversey Avenue]] as well as [[Kimball Avenue (Chicago)|Kimball Avenue]] to the [[Union Pacific/Northwest]] rail line was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much of [[Jefferson Township, Cook County, Illinois|Jefferson Township]]. This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] that would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Belmont Gardens's first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspeed and Daniel David Healy. Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that the [[Chicago Tribune]] wrote about the neighborhood in an article titled ''"A Deserted Village in Chicago"'' in 1903. The original name of the [[Healy (Metra)|Healy Metra Station]] was originally named after this now lost settlement.

While Homer Pennock's [[industrial suburb]] failed, Chicago's rapid expansion transformed the area's farms into clusters of factories and homes. At the start of the 20th century as settlement was booming, Belmont Gardens and Avondale were at the Northwestern edge of the [[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|Milwaukee Avenue]] "Polish Corridor"- a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way from [[Polonia Triangle]] at Milwaukee, Division and Ashland to [[Irving Park Road (Chicago)|Irving Park Road]].

Belmont Gardens offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along the [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]], the area developed a plethora of [[Industrial sector|industry]] that still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor. It was adjacent to his own factory that Mr. Walter E. Olson built what the [[Chicago Tribune]] put at the top of its list of the "Seven Lost Wonders of Chicago", the [[Olson Park and Waterfall|Olson Park and Waterfall Complex]], a 22-acre garden and waterfall remembered by Chicagoans citywide as the place they fondly reminisce heading out to for family trips on the weekend. The ambitious project took 200 workers more than six months to fashion it out of 800 tons of stone and 800 yards of soil.

[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] settlement in the neighborhood began in the 1980s. Today the area still retains its [[blue collar]] feel as much of surrounding Logan Square and Avondale undergo increased gentrification.

===Kosciuszko Park===
((About|the neighborhood|the park|Kosciuszko Park (Chicago)))
'''Kosciuszko Park''' spans the [[Community areas of Chicago|Chicago Community Areas]] of [[Logan Square, Chicago|Logan Square]] and Avondale like neighboring Belmont Gardens, located within its northwest portion, where the [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski]] Industrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. Colloquially known by locals as "Koz Park", or even the "Land of Koz",<ref name="mentalfloss.com"/> the area is a prime example of a local identity born thanks to the green spaces created by Chicago's civic leaders of the [[Progressive Era]].

The boundaries of Kosciuszko Park are generally held to be [[Central Park Avenue (Chicago)|Central Park Avenue]] to the East, [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski Road]] to the West, George Street to the North, and Altgeld to the South.

Most of the land between [[Fullerton Avenue (Chicago)|Fullerton Avenue]] and [[Diversey Parkway|Diversey Avenue]] as well as [[Kimball Avenue (Chicago)|Kimball Avenue]] to Pulaski Road was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much of [[Jefferson Township, Cook County, Illinois|Jefferson Township]]. This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] that would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Kosciuszko Park's first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspeed and Daniel David Healy. Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that the [[Chicago Tribune]] wrote about the neighborhood in an article titled "A Deserted Village in Chicago" in 1903.

While Homer Pennock's industrial suburb failed, Chicago's rapid expansion transformed the area's farms into clusters of factories and homes. At the start of the 20th century as settlement was booming, Kosciuszko Park and Avondale were at the Northwestern edge of the [[Milwaukee Avenue (Chicago)|Milwaukee Avenue]] "Polish Corridor"- a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way from [[Polonia Triangle]] at Milwaukee, Division and Ashland to Irving Park Road.

Kosciuszko Park offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along the [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]], the area developed a plethora of industry that still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor.

Adjacent to Kosciuszko Park's border with Avondale proper near the intersection of George Street and Lawndale Avenue is [[St. Hyacinth Basilica]], which began in 1894 as a refuge for locals to tend to their spiritual needs. A local shrine, St. Hyacinth's features relics associated with [[Pope John Paul II]], as well as an icon with an ornate jeweled crown that was blessed by the late pontiff. Other institutions further enriched the institutional fabric of the [[Polish Patches|Polish community]] in the area. In 1897, the Polish Franciscan Sisters began building an expansive complex on Schubert and Hamlin Avenues with the construction of St. Joseph Home for the Aged and Crippled, a structure that would also serve as the motherhouse for the order. When it opened in 1898, it became the city's first and oldest Catholic nursing home. One of the industries the nuns took upon themselves to support these charitable activities was a church vestment workshop which opened in 1909 on the second floor. In 1928 the Franciscan Sisters further expanded the complex by building a new St. Joseph Home of Chicago, a structure that stood until recently at 2650 North Ridgeway. Designed by the distinguished firm of Slupkowski and Piontek who built many of the most prestigious commissions in [[Chicago's Polish community]] such as the [[Art Deco]] headquarters of the [[Polish National Alliance]] and Holy Trinity High School among others, the brick structure was an imposing edifice. One of the building's highlights was a chapel with an altar that was dedicated to the [[Black Madonna]]. The entire complex was sold to a developer who subsequently razed the entire complex, while the new "St. Joseph Village" opened in 2005 on the site of the former Madonna High School and now operates at 4021 W. Belmont Avenue. The park later became home to one of the two first [[Polish language]] Saturday schools in Chicago. While the school has since moved out of their small quarters at the park fieldhouse, the Tadeusz Kościuszko School of Polish Language continues to educate over 1,000 students to the present day, reminding all of its origins in Kosciuszko Park with its name.

It was the park of Kosciuszko Park however that weaved together the disparate subdivisions and people into one community. Dedicated in 1916, Kosciuszko Park owes its name to the Polish patriot '''[[Tadeusz Kosciuszko]]'''. Best known as the designer and builder of [[West Point]], Kosciuszko fought in the [[American Revolution]] and was awarded with U.S. citizenship and the rank of brigadier general as a reward. Kosciuszko was one of the original parks of the Northwest Park District which was established in 1911. One of the ambitious goals of the Northwest Park District that was in keeping with the spirit of the [[Progressive Movement]] popular at the time was to provide one park for each of the ten square miles under its jurisdiction. Beginning in 1914, the district began to purchase land for what would eventually become Mozart, Kelyvn, and Kosciuszko Parks, and improvement on these three sites began almost immediately. For Kosciuszko, noted architect Albert A. Schwartz designed a [[Tudor revival]]-style fieldhouse, expanded in 1936 to include an assembly hall, just two years after the 22 separate park districts were consolidated into the [[Chicago Park District]]. The park complex expanded during the 1980s with the addition of a new natatorium at the corner of Diversey and Avers.

The green space afforded by the park quickly became the backdrop for community gatherings. Residents utilized the grounds at Kosciuszko Park for bonfires, festivals and neighborhood celebrations, and for a time, even an ice skating rink that would be set up every winter. Summertime brought the opportunity for outdoor festivities, peppered with sports and amateur shows featuring softball games, social dancing, a music appreciation hour, and the occasional visit by the city's "mobile zoo".

Today "The Land of Koz" is a diverse neighborhood, and becoming even more so as [[gentrification]] advances further northwest. New people are entering Kosciuszko Park and joining earlier residents whose roots trace back to [[Latin America]] and [[Poland]]. Yet the park that lent the neighborhood its name still serves its residents, where through play, performance, and even the occasional outdoor film screening it functions as the venue where the community can come together.

==Economy==
In 1937, [[Dad's Root Beer]] was founded in Avondale by Ely Klapman and Barney Berns. The company operated a bottling plant in the community before the company moved operations. The factory has since been converted into condominiums.<ref>((Cite episode|title=September 18, 2014|url=http://chicagotonight.wttw.com/2014/09/18/ask-geoffrey-918|access-date=June 23, 2017|series=[[Geoffrey Baer|Ask Geoffrey]]|station=[[WTTW]]|date=September 18, 2014))</ref>

As of 2014, the top 5 employing [[North American Industry Classification System|industry sectors]] in Avondale are retail trade (20.9%), manufacturing (14.8%), utilities (12.4%), accommodation and food service (9.8%), and finance (7.4%). Over half of these workers come from outside of [[Chicago]] and 45.5% come from outside of Avondale within the city. The top 5 employing industry sectors of community residents are accommodation and food service (11.5%), healthcare (11%), professional (10.1%), retail trade (9.6%), and administration (8.3%).<ref name=CMAP>((cite web|url=http://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/Avondale.pdf|publisher=[[Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning]]|access-date=July 25, 2020|title= Community Demographic Snapshot: Avondale|date=June 2020))</ref>

==Education==
Avondale residents are served by [[Chicago Public Schools]], which includes neighborhood and citywide options for students. There are also a number of private parochial schools run by [[Roman Catholic]] congregations in the area.

Carl Von Linne School, 3221 N. Sacramento, on Sacramento between Belmont and School is a neighborhood school.  The school features a comprehensive gifted program and a dual language program.  There is an emphasis on fine arts including visual arts, ceramic, music, dance, digital arts, and culinary arts.  The school has a "sprouting teens garden" on the east side of the building and a "kitchen community culinary garden" in the main playground.

The [[United Neighborhood Organization]] operates the Carlos Fuentes School in Avondale.<ref name="UNOSchools">"[http://www.uno-online.org/schools/charter-school-management UNO Charter Schools] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430104627/http://www.uno-online.org/schools/charter-school-management |date=2012-04-30 ))." United Neighborhood Organization. Retrieved on June 16, 2012.</ref>

==Public libraries==
The [[Chicago Public Library]] operates no branches located in the Avondale community area. Although the branch in nearby [[Kosciuszko Park (Chicago)|Kosciuszko Park]] was one of the system's most utilized branches, it was closed by the 1950s. Branches are available nearby in adjacent neighborhoods, such as Logan Square, Irving Park, and Belmont Cragin.

==Politics==
The Avondale community area has supported the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in the past two presidential elections. In the [[United States presidential election in Illinois, 2016|2016 presidential election]], Avondale cast 10,290 votes for [[Hillary Clinton]] and cast 1,345 votes for [[Donald Trump]] (83.77% to 10.95%).<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois/|last=Ali|first=Tanveer|title=How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election|newspaper=[[DNAInfo]]|date=November 9, 2016|access-date=October 4, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924090904/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois/|archive-date=September 24, 2019))</ref> In the [[United States presidential election in Illinois, 2012|2012 presidential election]], Avondale cast 7,940 votes for [[Barack Obama]] and 1,415 votes for [[Mitt Romney]] (82.43% to 14.69%).<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/obama-romney-president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-2012-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois/|last=Ali|first=Tanveer|title=How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election|newspaper=[[DNAInfo]]|date=November 9, 2012|access-date=October 4, 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203045330/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/numbers/obama-romney-president-vice-president-every-neighborhood-map-2012-election-results-voting-general-primary-illinois/|archive-date=February 3, 2019))</ref>

==Parks==
Avondale was cited by the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' as being in the top tier of Chicago's "park poor" neighborhoods.<ref>((cite news| url=http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/theskyline/2011/10/cramped-chicago-half-of-the-citys-27-million-people-live-in-park-poor-areas-lakefronts-parkland-disg.html | work=Chicago Tribune | title=Cramped Chicago: Half of the city's 2.7 million people live in park-poor areas; lakefront's parkland disguises severe shortage in many inland neighborhoods | date=9 October 2011))</ref> This situation was further aggravated when [[Avondale Park (Chicago)|Avondale Park]] was reduced to just over one acre in size during the building of the [[Kennedy Expressway]], taking over most of its green space, including the park's playfield, separate boys' and girls' playgrounds, a wading pool, a sand box and tennis courts while leaving the fieldhouse designed by [[Clarence Hatzfeld]] intact.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/parks.detail/object_id/454f3d58-8d95-48b4-944b-9ef2c1a8e1b9.cfm |title=Chicago Park District: Avondale Park |access-date=2011-12-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129135924/http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/parks.detail/object_id/454F3D58-8D95-48B4-944B-9EF2C1A8E1B9.cfm |archive-date=2011-11-29 ))</ref>

The substantial green spaces in the Avondale community area are Brands Park, followed by [[Avondale Park (Chicago)|Avondale Park]]. Parks adjacent to Avondale such as [[Kosciuszko Park (Chicago)|Kosciuszko Park]], Athletic Field Park and Ken-Well Park are heavily utilized by residents as well. Additionally, there are playlots under the supervision of other parks such as Grape Playlot, Park-view Playlot, Nelson Playlot, Elston Playlot, and Sacramento Playlot, found within Avondale.

==Culture==
Avondale has a number of strong and simultaneously diverse cultural centers. '''[[St. Hyacinth Basilica]]''' continues to be a strong cultural and civic institution for [[Chicago's Polish Community]]. True to stereotype, the neighborhood "where Eastern Europe meets Latin America" is also home to the new second location of the '''[[Puerto Rican Arts Alliance]]''' in the former [[fire station|firehouse]] of Engine 91. The '''[[Hairpin Arts Center]]''' is located in Avondale near its border with Logan Square at the gateway to '''Chicago's Polish Village''', serving all of the diverse communities who make their home in these neighborhoods.

==Notable people==
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· The article must mention how they are associated with <city name>, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
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· Others may be deleted. -->
* [[Vivian Maier]], photographer who achieved posthumous fame. A resident of various neighborhoods including [[Rogers Park, Chicago|Rogers Park]], she took photos in Chicago's Polish Village.<ref name=ARCADIA>((cite book|last1=Kaplna|first1=Jacob|last2=Pogorzelski|first2=Dan|last3=Reid|first3=Rob|last4=Addlesperger|first4=Elisha|date=July 21, 2014|title=Avondale and Chicago's Polish Village|location=[[Mount Pleasant, South Carolina]]|publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]]|isbn=9781467111188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1PGAwAAQBAJ|access-date=June 22, 2017))</ref>
* [[Lucy Parsons]], labor organizer and founder of [[Industrial Workers of the World]]. She perished in a fire in Avondale in 1942.<ref>((cite news|author=International News Service|title=Widow Of Anarchist Dies When Chicago Home Burns|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Lucy+Parsons+dies#q=Lucy+Parsons+dies&hl=en&safe=off&tbo=d&tbm=nws&source=lnt&tbs=ar:1&sa=X&ei=gDm1UPbuLua-0QHEyYHADA&ved=0CB0QpwUoBQ&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=64d3cb03c4dbabbb&bpcl=38897761&biw=1390&bih=932|quote=Mrs. Lucy Parsons 80-year-old blind anarchist whose first hus band, Albert Parsons, died on the gallows as a result of the Haymarket riot,...|newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|date=March 8, 1942|access-date=November 26, 2012 |author-link=International News Service))</ref>
* [[Carlos Ramirez-Rosa]], member of the Chicago City Council representing the 26th ward and the first openly gay, Latino alderman. He is a resident of Avondale.<ref>((cite news|last=Vivanco|first=Leonor|title=Chicago's youngest alderman is a Millennial, backs LGBT agenda - and isn't hanging with Rahm|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|location=[[Chicago, Illinois]]|date=August 3, 2015|access-date=June 22, 2017|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/redeye/redeye-chicago-alderman-profile-carlos-ramirez-rosa-20150714-story.html))</ref>
* [[List of German supercentenarians|Louise Schaaf]] (1906-2020), [[supercentenarian]] notable for being, at the time of her death, the oldest person in Illinois and the oldest known person born in Germany. She resided near Belmont and California in Avondale until 1959 when she moved to the [[Norwood Park, Chicago|Norwood Park]] neighborhood.<ref>((cite news|last=O'Donnell|first=Maureen|title=Louise Schaaf, dead at 113, was Illinois' oldest resident, oldest known immigrant to the U.S.|date=June 5, 2020|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|access-date=June 5, 2020|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2020/6/5/21280802/louise-schaaf-illinois-oldest-resident-supercentenarian-guiness-world-records-norwood-park-obituary))</ref>

==See also==
((Portal|Chicago|Poland))
* [[Polish Cathedral style]]
* [[Polish American]]

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/doit/general/GIS/Chicago_Maps/Community_Areas/CA_AVONDALE.pdf Official City of Chicago Avondale Community Map]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100118143756/http://people.lis.illinois.edu/~knorri4/avondale_chicago Avondale, Chicago Webliography]
* [http://www.polishnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1329:avondale-and-chicagos-polish-village&catid=90:polish-tradition&Itemid=322 The History of Avondale and Chicago's Polish Village]
* [http://forgottenchicago.com/features/chicago-areas/holiday-in-avondale/ Holiday in Avondale, Forgotten Chicago's take on Avondale]
* [http://www.nwchicagohistory.org/NWCHS_-_July_2009.pdf Avondale and Chicago's Polish Village in the newsletter of the Northwest Chicago Historical Society] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727133814/http://www.nwchicagohistory.org/NWCHS_-_July_2009.pdf |date=2011-07-27 ))
* [http://avondaleneighbors.wordpress.com/ Avondale Neighborhood Association]

((Chicago))
((Community areas of Chicago))
((Neighborhoods in Chicago))
((Geographic Location
| Center = Avondale, Chicago
| North = [[Irving Park, Chicago]]
| East = [[North Center, Chicago]]
| Southeast = [[Lincoln Park, Chicago]]
| South = [[Logan Square, Chicago]]
| Southwest = [[Hermosa, Chicago]]
))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Community areas of Chicago]]
[[Category:North Side, Chicago]]
[[Category:Polish-American culture in Chicago]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in Illinois]]
[[Category:Polish communities in the United States]]

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