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((Short description|Transport protocol))
((Multiple issues|
((No footnotes|article|date=June 2008))
((One source|article|date=June 2008))
))

'''Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP''' ('''BOSH''') is a [[transport protocol]] that emulates a bidirectional stream between two entities (such as [[Client–server model|a client and a server]]) by using multiple [[Synchronization|synchronous]] [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] request/response pairs without requiring the use of [[Polling (computer science)|polling]] or [[Asynchronous communication|asynchronous]] chunking.

For applications that require both "push" and "pull" communications, BOSH is significantly more bandwidth-efficient and responsive than most other bidirectional HTTP-based transport protocols and [[AJAX]]. BOSH achieves this by avoiding HTTP polling, yet it does so without resorting to chunked HTTP responses as is done in the technique known as [[Comet (programming)|Comet]]. To date, BOSH has been used mainly as a transport for traffic exchanged between [[XMPP|Jabber/XMPP]] clients and servers (e.g., to facilitate connections from web clients and from mobile clients on intermittent networks).

For "push", a BOSH client starts an HTTP request, but the server postpones sending a reply until it has data to send.<ref>[http://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0124.html XEP-0124: Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP (BOSH)]</ref> After receiving a reply, the client immediately makes another request on the same HTTP connection, so the server can always send data to the client without waiting for the client to poll. If, while waiting for a reply, the client needs to send data to the server, it opens a second HTTP connection. There are at most two HTTP connections open at a time, one on which the server can send data as a reply and one on which the client can send data as a POST.

"Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP (BOSH)" and "XMPP over BOSH" are stable standards of the [[XMPP Standards Foundation]].

The second related standard '''XMPP Over BOSH (XEP-0206)''' defines how BOSH may be used to transport [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol|XMPP]] stanzas. The result is an HTTP binding for XMPP communications that is intended to be used in situations where a device or client is unable to maintain a long-lived [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP connection]] to an XMPP server.

== See also ==

* [[Push technology]]
* [[WebSocket]]

== Notes ==
((Reflist))

== References ==
* [https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0124.html XEP-0124: Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP (BOSH)]
* [https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0206.html XEP-0206: XMPP Over BOSH]
* [https://xmpp.org/about/technology-overview/#bosh BOSH overview]

[[Category:Web 2.0 neologisms]]
[[Category:XMPP]]
[[Category:Hypertext Transfer Protocol]]

((compu-network-stub))

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