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((Short description|Retired class of Brooklyn Rapid Transit car))
((Use mdy dates|date=October 2017))
((More citations needed|date=June 2017))
[[File:Vintage Fleet BRT Brooklyn Union Elevated Car 1407.jpg|thumb|250px|A BU car on display at the New York Transit Museum]]
[[File:BRT BU Gate Car Interior.jpg|thumb|250px|Interior of a BU car]]
'''BU cars''' is the generic term for [[Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company|BRT]] elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the [[New York City Subway]] system. Various orders of these cars were built by the [[Osgood Bradley Car Company|Osgood-Bradley]], [[J. G. Brill Company|Brill]], [[Cincinnati Car Company|Cincinnati]], [[Laconia Car Company|Laconia]], [[Pullman Company|Pullman]], [[Gilbert Car Company|Gilbert & Bush]], [[Harlan & Hollingsworth]], [[Wason Car Company|Wason]], [[Pressed Steel Car Company|Pressed Steel]], [[Brooklyn Heights Railroad]], [[John Stephenson Company|John Stephenson]], and [[Jewett Car Company|Jewett]] car companies.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/cars/carsbmt-els.htm|title=BMT ELEVATED CARS|website=www.thejoekorner.com))</ref>

==Background==
These cars consisted of a variety of equipment used on the BRT and later [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation|BMT]]. Some cars were inherited from [[steam railroad]]s that became part of the BRT, while others were built new for the BRT as late as 1907. In 1913, the BRT introduced an advanced [[steel]] car design for [[rapid transit|subway]] service (the [[AB Standard (New York City Subway car)|AB Standard]]), thus ending BU cars' production.

The term '''BU''' was derived from the [[Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad]] (BUERR) Company, one of the last operating companies of [[Brooklyn]] elevated lines before the BRT formed the New York Consolidated Railroad in 1912 to absorb the BUERR and other properties.

Historians disagree as to whether the term "BU" was commonly used before the BMT was purchased by the [[New York City|City of New York]] in 1940, or whether it was mainly an introduced term to describe the wooden elevated cars of the former private company.

==Disambiguation==
The primary distinguishing feature of BU cars is that they were elevated cars built mostly or substantially of wood, with or without steel frames, where passenger access to the cars was provided by open platforms at both ends of each car. A trainman between each pair of cars manually opened and closed folding gates to admit or bar passengers from entering or leaving.

All ''gate'' cars used in BRT elevated service can be described as '''BU'''s. This excludes several classes of elevated equipment:
*Steam coaches of companies preceding the BUERR that were never converted to, and used in, regular BUERR or BRT elevated service;
*Steam excursion coaches of the former [[BMT Sea Beach Line|Sea Beach Railway]] that ''were'' acquired by the [[Brooklyn Rapid Transit|BRT]] ("3200 class") but not used in elevated service and numbered as part of the [[streetcar]] department;
*Former BU cars (the [[C-type (New York City Subway car)|C-type]]s and [[Q-type Queens car (New York City Subway car)|Q-types]]) that were converted into closed cars and the gates replaced by automatically operated subway-style sliding doors.

The BU cars should not be confused with the [[Manhattan El (New York City Subway car)|Manhattan El]] cars, a series of gate cars that were operated by the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]].

==BUs in the New York Transit Museum fleet==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; float:right;"
|+'''Background of NYC Transit Museum BU cars'''
!Current Numbers
!1407
!1273
!1404
|-
!1970 numbers
|1622A
|1622B
|1622C
|-
!1957 numbers
|1622A
|1622B
|1603C
|-
!1937 numbers
|1407
|1273
|1404
|-
!Body builder
|Jewett
|Laconia
|Jewett
|-
!Frame builder
|Pressed Steel
|Pressed Steel
|Pressed Steel
|-
!Build Date
|1907
|1903
|1907
|}
Three BU cars that were converted to closed [[Q-type Queens car (New York City Subway car)|Q-type]] cars in 1938 for BMT service to the [[1939 New York World's Fair]] were converted back into BU gate cars in the [[Coney Island Rapid Transit Car Overhaul Shop]] for the transit museum in 1979. The conversion was made of wood with steel frames and dates from 1903 to 1907. However, the cars retain their 1957 lowered roofs and 1950 lightweight trucks, as well as modified marker light positions on the ends.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Chapter_1,_The_Elevated_Lines#Section_C:_The_Brooklyn_Elevateds |title = nycsubway.org: Chapter 1, The Elevated Lines))</ref> They also remain unitized as a three car set, rather than as three self-contained cars as originally built.

These cars are the oldest operational members of the [[New York Transit Museum]] fleet. Those built in 1907 were the last BU cars ever built. They are fully operational and are occasionally used on museum-sponsored excursions; however, when the excursion goes through underground [[rapid transit|subway]] tunnels, they must be towed by steel cars. For safety reasons, passengers may not ride in these cars in subway tunnels; non-employees must ride in the accompanying steel cars during the tunnel portions of the trip.

The three museum BUs are currently numbered and coupled as 1407-1273-1404. They were rebuilt from Q-type unit 1622A-B-C in the late 1970s. As part of the June 22, 1965 "Transit Day" commemoration at the [[1964 New York World's Fair|World's Fair]], Q-type 1622A-B-C were rehabilitated and repainted in the original colors used for the 1939–40 World's Fair, blue and orange,<ref>((cite web|url=http://thethirdrail.net/0011/64wf7.html |title=The Road to the Transit Museum, by Irvin & Paul Matus; Page 7 (TheThirdRail.net) |publisher=Thethirdrail.net |access-date=May 17, 2012 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205052834/http://thethirdrail.net/0011/64wf7.html |archive-date=February 5, 2012 ))</ref> which are also the colors of the [[New York City]] flag. After they were converted back into gate cars, they were given their original numbers and received the red paint scheme that they originally wore when they were brand new.

==Other surviving BUs==
Besides the three cars preserved at the New York Transit Museum, many other still-extant cars have been preserved;<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/The_BMT_Fleet_(Elevated,_Subway,_Experimental) |title = nycsubway.org: The BMT Fleet (Elevated, Subway, Experimental)))</ref>

* Cars 197, 659, 999, 1227, 1349, and 1362 are preserved at the [[Shore Line Trolley Museum]]. Some have been modified with trolley poles and are occasionally (but not often) used for trips around the museum, while others need restoration.
* Car 1365 is preserved at the [[St. Louis Museum of Transportation]]. It is currently a static display.
((Clear))

==References==
((Commons category|BU cars (New York City Subway car)))
((Reflist))

((NYCS rolling stock))

[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1879]]
[[Category:New York City Subway rolling stock]]
[[Category:Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]]
[[Category:Pullman Company]]
[[Category:1879 in rail transport]]

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