You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((distinguish|text=the artificial intelligence technique [[Backward chaining]]))
'''Back-chaining''' is a technique used in teaching oral language skills, especially with [[polysyllabic]] or difficult words and phrases.<ref name="ue">"Backchaining." ''Glossary.'' Retrieved April 4, 2009, from http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/backchaining.html</ref> The teacher pronounces the last syllable, the student repeats, and then the teacher continues, working backwards from the end of the word to the beginning.<ref>"Backchaining." ''Teaching English.'' Retrieved April 4, 2009, from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/knowledge-wiki/backchaining ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927143122/http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/knowledge-wiki/backchaining |date=2011-09-27 ))</ref>

For example, to teach the name ‘[[Modest Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]]' a teacher will pronounce the last syllable: ''-sky,'' and have the student repeat it. Then the teacher will repeat it with ''-sorg-'' attached before: ''-sorg-sky'', after which all that remains is the first syllable: ''Mus-sorg-sky.'' 

Back-chaining makes natural [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]] easier for the student.<ref name="ue" /> It is easier than the front-chaining, which starts from the first syllable, because back-chaining requires that the student put the new element first where it is more [[memorization|difficult to forget]].

Back-chaining can also be applied to whole sentences, for instance when teachers model dialogue sentences for learners to imitate. The teacher first models the whole sentence. When they get faulty and hesitant imitation responses from the learners, back-chaining (backward build up) should be used. Here is an example taken from Butzkamm & Caldwell:<ref>[[Wolfgang Butzkamm]] & J.A.W. Caldwell (2009). The bilingual reform. A paradigm shift in foreign language teaching. Tübingen: Narr Verlag, p.148.</ref>

:Teacher: I‘m studying the present progressive. ''(Students find it difficult to reproduce the sentence.)''
:Teacher: Progressive.
:Student: Progressive.
:Teacher: The present progressive. ''(Students imitate.)''
:Teacher: I’m studying the present progressive. ''(Students imitate the whole sentence correctly.)''

== English ==
((Citations missing|section|date=April 2009))
In [[English language|English]], back-chaining retains [[Phonology|phonological]] structure better than front-chaining. Normally there is no difference in [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]] between a word spoken in isolation and one spoken at the end of a sentence<ref>Compare ''psychological'' in isolation, ''it's psychological'' and ''psychological profile'', where only in the last does the main stress shift to another syllable.</ref> and it is arguably better to start with the final syllable (main stress in '''bold'''):

''Chaining sequences for the English word 'aroma':''
# ''Front-chaining:'' ((IPA|[ə] - [ə.ˈɹoʊ] - [ə.ˈɹoʊ.mə]))
# ''Back-chaining:'' ((IPA|[mə] - [ˈɹoʊ.mə] - [ə.ˈɹoʊ.mə]))

Syllables tend to follow a stressed-unstressed pattern in English, example: ''happy'' (though there are many exceptions). The order ''-ma,'' ''-roma'' and ''aroma'' respects this. Starting with ''a-'' and ''aro-'' entails reversing this pattern, which complicates learning. Teachers could choose to present a chain as pairs of syllables too, beginning with ''-roma,'' then ''aroma'' which introduces the strong-weak stress pattern from the outset.

== Footnotes ==
<references/>

((language teaching methods))

[[Category:Language-teaching techniques]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citations missing (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Distinguish (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:IPA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Language education (edit)
Template:Language teaching methods (edit)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Distinguish (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Back-chaining.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-chaining"