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((More citations needed|date=September 2021))
[[File:Badinan Kingdom Map.jpg|thumb|Kurdish Kingdom Of Badinan Map]]
[[File:Bahdinan Kurds by Albert Kahn.jpg|thumb|Bahdinan Kurds by Albert Kahn]]
((Use American English|date = February 2019))
((Short description|Former country))
((Use mdy dates|date = February 2019))

'''Bahdinan'''<ref name="Eppel2016">((cite book|author=Michael Eppel|title=A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt3EDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|date=13 September 2016|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-0913-1|pages=34–))</ref> or '''Badinan''' was one of the most powerful and enduring [[Kurdish principalities]]. It was founded by ''Baha-al-Din'' originally from ''Şemzînan'' area in [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]] in sometime between 13th or 14th century CE. The capital of this emirate was [[Amadiya]] for a long time. The rulers of the Bahdinan emirate governed over the Emirate since the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid Empire]],<ref name=":1">((Citation|last=Ates|first=Sabri|title=The End of Kurdish Autonomy: The Destruction of the Kurdish Emirates in the Ottoman Empire|date=2021|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-kurds/end-of-kurdish-autonomy/9FA3CB919480C3748DA40C082FC2E5BF|work=The Cambridge History of the Kurds|pages=76|editor-last=Gunes|editor-first=Cengiz|place=Cambridge|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-108-47335-4|access-date=2021-12-15|editor2-last=Bozarslan|editor2-first=Hamit|editor3-last=Yadirgi|editor3-first=Veli))</ref> an early dynasty in Islamic history.

It was centered in the town of ''Amadiya'' (or Amêdî) in the present-day [[Dohuk Governorate|Dahuk]] province in [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]. According to [[Evliya Çelebi|Evliya Celebi]] the principality was divided into the following districts:

[[Akre|Aqra]], [[Zakho]], Shikhoyi, [[Duhok]], Zibari, and [[Muzuri (tribe)|Muzuri]].<ref name=":0">((Cite journal|last=Bruinessen|first=Martin van|title=Kurdistan in the 16th and 17th centuries, as reflected in Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname|url=https://www.academia.edu/6040973|journal=The Journal of Kurdish Studies 3 (2000), 1-11|date=January 2000 ))</ref>

The districts were autonomous units under their own rulers who were appointed by the Khan of Amadiya. In addition to this, there were tribal chieftains with formalized positions (for example, the chiefs of the Sindi and Silvane tribes needed confirmation from the ruler of Zakho).<ref name=":0" />

The principality reached its peak during the reign of ''Bahram Pasha the Great'' (re. 1726–1767).((Citation needed|date=September 2021))

Threatened by the expansionist and centralizing efforts of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] empires, Bahdinan princes were drawn into prolonged confrontations with these two rival powers. The Bahdinan rulers, ''Esmail Pasha'' and ''Mohammad Said Pasha'' ((Citation needed|date=December 2021)) were deposed by the emir of the neighboring [[Soran Emirate|Soran principality]] in 1831.<ref name=":1" /> However, their rule was restored after the Ottomans defeated ''Soran'' in 1836.((Citation needed|date=September 2021)) Although the Soran influence lasted only for a few years, the Bahdinan principality never fully recovered. Pursuing their centralization policy, the Ottomans overthrew the Bahdinan principality in 1843 (or 1838) and incorporated it in the [[Sandjak]] of [[Mosul]].((Citation needed|date=September 2021))

The most famous ancient library in the region, in the Qubehan school at Amadiya, was destroyed by British troops putting down a revolt in the region in 1919, although some 400 manuscripts were rescued and eventually found their way into the Iraq Museum's collection.<ref>Faraj, S.S. Libraries and Librarianship in Iraqi Kurdistan. In: Libraries in the Early 21st Century: An International Perspective, edited by R.N. Sharma, vol.2, 297-311.  2012.  Berlin: de Gruyter Saur.</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahdinan-kurdish-region-river-dialect-group-and-amirate Bahdinan], Encyclopædia Iranica, p.&nbsp;485, By [[Amir Hassanpour]].
*[http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S4/SIM-1044.html Bahdīnān ]((dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Academic Publishers.

==See also==
* [[Bahdini]]
((Muslim dynasties in Mashriq region))

[[Category:Former Kurdish states in Iraq]]
[[Category:Dohuk Governorate]]
[[Category:Former principalities]]
[[Category:Geography of Iraqi Kurdistan]]
[[Category:1376 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1370s in the Middle East]]


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