Bairin Left Banner
巴林左旗 • ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
Banner
Lindong South Pagoda from the ruins of Shangjing
Lindong South Pagoda from the ruins of Shangjing
Bairin Left is located in Inner Mongolia
Bairin Left
Bairin Left
Location in Inner Mongolia
Bairin Left is located in China
Bairin Left
Bairin Left
Bairin Left (China)
Coordinates (Bairin Left Banner government): 43°57′39″N 119°21′48″E / 43.9608°N 119.3632°E / 43.9608; 119.3632
CountryChina
Autonomous regionInner Mongolia
Prefecture-level cityChifeng
Banner seatLindong
Area
 • Total6,644 km2 (2,565 sq mi)
Elevation
484 m (1,588 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total277,522
 • Density42/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
025450
Area code0476
Websitewww.blzq.gov.cn
Bairin Left Banner
Chinese name
Chinese巴林左旗
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicБааарин зүүн хошуу
Mongolian scriptᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ

Baarin Left Banner (Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 巴林左旗), or Bairin, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chifeng.[2][3] The banner spans an area of 6,644 square kilometers,[3] and as of 2018, has a population of 340,020.[4] Baarin Mongols live here.[citation needed] The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is called Baarin.[citation needed] It is located at the intersection of two national highways: China National Highway 303 and 305.

History

Map including part of modern-day Bairin Left Banner area (AMS, 1951)

Balin Left Banner has a long history, with archaeological digs dating to the 40th Century BC.[5] Archaeological relics uncovered in the banner are believed to include those of the Hongshan culture and the Fuhe culture.[5]

Around the time China was undergoing the Warring States period, the area of Bairin Left Banner was home to the Shanrong and Donghu people.[5] Later, the area would be home to the Wuhuan and the Xianbei.[5]

During the first few centuries of the Common Era, the area was home to the Khitan people and the Kumo Xi.[5]

In 918 CE, the capital of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty, Shangjing (Chinese: 上京), was built in present-day Bairin Left Banner.[5] From 918 CE to 938 it was known as Huangdu (皇都).[5]

During the time of the Republic of China, many Han Chinese began moving to the area.[5]

On March 1, 1933, the banner, then known as Lindong County (林东县; 林東縣), was invaded by Japanese forces, who occupied the county until August 10, 1945.[5]

On June 1, 1946, the Chinese Communist Party established its local government in the area, the Lindong Administrative Committee (林东行政委员会; 林東行政委員會).[5]

From the establishment of the People's Republic of China throughout the early 1980s, the area underwent numerous administrative reorganizations, culminating in October 1983, with the placement of the Bairin Left Banner under the prefecture-level city of Chifeng.[5]

Climate

Baarin Left Banner has a continental, semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with very cold and dry winters, hot, somewhat humid summers, and strong winds, especially in spring. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −13.1 °C (8.4 °F) in January to 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) in July, with the annual mean at 5.89 °C (42.6 °F). The annual precipitation is approximately 370 millimetres (14.6 in), with more than half of it falling in July and August alone. Due to the aridity and elevation, diurnal temperature variation often exceeds 15 °C (27 °F) in spring, averaging 13.7 °C (24.7 °F) annually. There are 2,934 hours of bright sunshine annually, with each of the winter months having over 70% of the possible total, and this percentage falling to 52 in July.

Climate data for Baarin Left Banner (1991–2018 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.5
(49.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		28.7
(83.7) 		33.4
(92.1) 		39.1
(102.4) 		39.9
(103.8) 		38.0
(100.4) 		38.8
(101.8) 		36.0
(96.8) 		30.7
(87.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		39.9
(103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −6.0
(21.2) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		6.0
(42.8) 		15.9
(60.6) 		23.4
(74.1) 		27.4
(81.3) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.1
(82.6) 		23.0
(73.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		3.1
(37.6) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		13.3
(55.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.7
(9.1) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		23.5
(74.3) 		21.6
(70.9) 		15.3
(59.5) 		7.0
(44.6) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		6.4
(43.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.4
(−1.1) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		1.0
(33.8) 		8.7
(47.7) 		14.4
(57.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		15.3
(59.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−16.3
(2.7) 		−0.2
(31.7)
Record low °C (°F) −32.2
(−26.0) 		−31.2
(−24.2) 		−30.9
(−23.6) 		−14.9
(5.2) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		2.4
(36.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−30.9
(−23.6) 		−28.8
(−19.8) 		−32.2
(−26.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1.0
(0.04) 		1.4
(0.06) 		4.0
(0.16) 		10.9
(0.43) 		26.0
(1.02) 		81.5
(3.21) 		122.5
(4.82) 		71.4
(2.81) 		29.7
(1.17) 		13.0
(0.51) 		3.8
(0.15) 		1.1
(0.04) 		366.3
(14.42)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 1.4 2.5 3.9 6.8 12.3 12.4 9.7 6.9 3.7 2.1 1.8 65.1
Average snowy days 2.2 2.3 3.5 1.9 0.1 0 0 0 0 1.2 3.1 2.6 16.9
Average relative humidity (%) 48 42 38 34 38 55 66 66 58 48 50 50 49
Mean monthly sunshine hours 222.6 237.7 282.0 282.1 300.6 269.4 267.3 281.2 268.8 255.2 212.4 205.1 3,084.4
Percent possible sunshine 77 80 76 70 66 58 58 66 73 76 74 75 71
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8]
Climate data for Fuhezhen, Bairin Left Banner (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.5
(16.7) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		3.7
(38.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.8
(78.4) 		27.7
(81.9) 		26.4
(79.5) 		21.5
(70.7) 		12.7
(54.9) 		1.2
(34.2) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		11.2
(52.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.1
(6.6) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		13.5
(56.3) 		5.1
(41.2) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		4.5
(40.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.5
(−1.3) 		−15.9
(3.4) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		13.3
(55.9) 		6.4
(43.5) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−16.8
(1.8) 		−1.6
(29.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 0.6
(0.02) 		1.7
(0.07) 		3.3
(0.13) 		9.7
(0.38) 		34.2
(1.35) 		80.8
(3.18) 		113.9
(4.48) 		74.9
(2.95) 		33.0
(1.30) 		12.9
(0.51) 		4.4
(0.17) 		1.4
(0.06) 		370.8
(14.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.3 1.6 3.0 4.4 7.7 13.3 14.7 11.0 7.3 4.0 2.7 2.0 73
Average snowy days 3.3 3.7 5.5 3.8 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 2.9 4.7 4.8 29.1
Average relative humidity (%) 54 50 45 38 41 57 69 70 59 50 54 57 54
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.7 227.1 274.3 275.7 292.9 270.9 265.3 280.0 256.7 246.9 203.6 190.9 2,998
Percent possible sunshine 74 76 74 68 64 59 57 65 69 74 72 70 69
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][9]

Administrative divisions

Bairin Left Banner is divided into 2 subdistricts, 7 towns, 2 townships and 2 sums.[10] The banner's seat of government is the town of Lindong.[3]

Name Simplified Chinese[10] Hanyu Pinyin Mongolian (Hudum Script)[11][better source needed] Mongolian (Cyrillic)[citation needed] Administrative division code[10]
Subdistricts
Lindong Xicheng Subdistrict 林东西城街道 Líndōng Xīchéng Jiēdào ᠯᠢᠨᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ Линдонгийн баруун хотын зээл гудамж 150422403
Lindong Dongcheng Subdistrict 林东东城街道 Líndōng Dōngchéng Jiēdào ᠯᠢᠨᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ Линдонгийн зүүн хотын зээл гудамж 150422404
Towns
Lindong 林东镇 Líndōng Zhèn ᠯᠢᠨᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Линдон балгас 150422100
Longchang [zh] 隆昌镇 Lóngchāng Zhèn ᠯᠦᠩᠴᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Лүнцан балгас 150422101
Shisan Obo [zh] 十三敖包镇 Shísān'áobāo Zhèn ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Арван гураван овоо балгас 150422102
Biliutai [zh] 碧流台镇 Bìliútái Zhèn ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Билүүтэй балгас 150422103
Fuhe [zh] 富河镇 Fùhé Zhèn ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠾᠧ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Фү ге балгас 150422104
Bayan Ul [zh] 白音勿拉镇 Báiyīnwùlā Zhèn ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Баянуул балгас 150422105
Har Had [zh] 哈拉哈达镇 Hālāhādá Zhèn ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ Хархида балгас 150422106
Townships
Sanshan Township [zh] 三山乡 Sānshān Xiāng ᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ Сан шин шиян 150422202
Hua Jalag Township [zh] 花加拉嘎乡 Huājiālāgā Xiāng ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ Хуажлаа шиян 150422203
Sums
Qagan Had Sum [zh] 查干哈达苏木 Chágànhādá Sūmù ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ Цаанахта сум 150422200
Ulan Daba Sum [zh] 乌兰达坝苏木 Wūlándábà Sūmù ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ Улаантавга сум 150422201
Other Township-level Divisions
Lindong Industrial Park 林东产业园 Líndōng Chǎnyè Yuán 150422405

Demographics

Bairin Left Banner ethnic composition (2020)
Nationality Percentage
Han
 
 61.4%
Mongols
 
 35.3%
Manchus
 
 2.9%
Hui people
 
 0.2%
Others
 
 0.2%
Source: [12]

References

  1. ^ Inner Mongolia: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. ^ 2019年统计用区划代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
  3. ^ a b c 巴林左旗概况地图. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2013-04-09. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
  4. ^ 中国 | 人口数:内蒙古:赤峰市:巴林左旗 | 经济指标. www.ceicdata.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 巴林左旗历史文化. www.blzq.gov.cn (in Chinese). Chifeng Balin Left Banner People's Government. 2020-02-29. Archived from the original on 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
  6. ^ a b 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  7. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  8. ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  9. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  10. ^ a b c 2022年统计用区划代码（巴林左旗） [2022 Statistical Division Codes (Bairin Left Banner)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  11. ^ "Administrative Divisions of China in minority languages (Nei Mongol)". ttpedersen.github.io. Archived from the original on 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  12. ^ 内蒙古自治区第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室、内蒙古自治区统计局. "内蒙古人口普查年鉴-2020".
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