Ballymore Eustace (Irish: An Baile Mór, meaning 'the big town')[2] is a small town situated in County Kildare in Ireland, although until 1836 it lay within an exclave (a detached "pocket") of County Dublin. It lies close to the border with County Wicklow.
The town's name, which is frequently shortened to "Ballymore" in everyday usage, derives from the Irish An Baile Mór ("the big town") with the addition – to distinguish it from several other Ballymores in Ireland – of the family name (Fitz)Eustace. A fuller version of the town's official name in Irish is Baile Mór na nIústasach ("big town of the Eustaces").
Prior to the Norman invasion the area was known as Críoch Ua Cormaic.[3]
Location and access
Ballymore Eustace is located at the junction of the R411 and R413regional roads, on the River Liffey, over which the R411 is carried by a relatively rare seven-arch bridge. It had a population of 689 at the 2022 census, a decrease of 21% compared to the 2011 results.[1] The town is served by Dublin Bus, with route number 65 running four times daily (Monday-Friday), seven times (Saturday) and six times (Sunday).[4] The journey takes approximately 1 hour 30 minutes depending on traffic, and terminates in Dublin city centre at Poolbeg Street.
The town has been connected by public transport to Naas and Sallins railway station since August 2021, when route 884, a Mon-Fri public bus service operated by TFILocal Link Kildare South Dublin, was established. The arrivals at Sallins railway station are scheduled to link in with departures to, and arrivals from, Heuston railway station in Dublin.[5]
Modern plaque near Ballymore Eustace marks the southern extreme of the Pale
Ballymore Eustace in the 13th century (at the time simply known as Ballymore) was the site of a castle, which in 1244 was granted an eight-day fair to be held on site by Henry III.[10] The parish and the town were part of a manor owned by the Archbishop of Dublin.[11] Thomas Fitzoliver FitzEustace was granted a salary of £10 by the Archbishop for his work as constable and the upkeep of the castle in 1373, and his family came to be associated with the town, lending it its present name.[12][1]
Several of Thomas' descendants also held the office of Constable, including his grandson Sir Richard FitzEustace (appointed 1414) and his great-grandson Sir Robert FitzEustace (appointed 1445). No trace of the castle exists today, but the importance of Ballymore then is underlined by the fact that Parliament was held there in 1389.[10] It was a border town of the Pale, giving it strategic importance in the area, but also leading to its raiding by local Gaelic clans such as the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes.[13]
The first reference to a church is in 1192, but the existence of two granite high crosses and early medieval grave slabs in St. John's Graveyard indicates a pre-Norman church site.[14] The larger of the two crosses dates to the 10th or 11th century. It is over two metres tall and consists of a solid ring with short arms on a narrow shaft on a large undecorated rectangular base. The head and shaft were carved from a single block of granite. There is an inscription commemorating the re-erection of the cross in 1689 by Ambrose Walls.[14] The smaller of the high crosses also likely dates to the 10th or 11th century and is in poor repair as most of the head has been broken off.[15]
The town and surrounding lands formed for centuries one of three adjacent exclaves of the barony of Uppercross, County Dublin. These lands, originally part of Dublin because they belonged to religious foundations there, were among the last such exclaves in Ireland, being merged into Kildare only in 1836.[10]
The town was the scene of one of the first clashes of the 1798 rebellion when the British garrison were attacked by United Irish rebels on 23 May but managed to defeat the attack in the Battle of Ballymore-Eustace. Several buildings including the Protestant church were burnt during the attack.[12]
In the 19th century, the town's largest source of employment was a cotton mill (owned by the Gallagher family), the ruins of which still stand by the river at a spot known as the "pike hole".[citation needed] Although the woollen mill building complex dates to 1802, there has been a history of milling since the 12th century as ArchbishopJohn Comyn was recorded to revceive income from a mill in the town as well as other areas.[16] This mill employed approximately 700 people and a row of single-storey houses were built nearby to accommodate a number of their families – this terrace today known as "Weaver's row", running alongside and down the hill from the local Roman Catholic parish church.[citation needed]
Surroundings
Near the town are the Blessington Lakes, or Poulaphouca Reservoir, created artificially in the 1940s by the damming of the river Liffey at Poulaphouca (the "Devil's hole") which was done to generate electricity by the Electricity Supply Board (ESB), and also to create a reservoir for the supply of water for the city of Dublin. The water is treated at a major treatment plant, the Water Treatment Works at Ballymore Eustace run by Dublin City Council. Golden Falls lake is also in the area, downstream from Poulaphouca Dam.[citation needed]
The area has also been used as a filming location by the film industry. The 1959 film Shake Hands With the Devil was filmed in and around the town. Some of the battle scenes in Mel Gibson's (1995) film, Braveheart, were filmed around Ballymore Eustace. The 2003 film King Arthur was also mostly shot in the village. This resulted in a 1 km long mock-up of Hadrian's Wall being constructed in a field outside of the village during 2003. This was disassembled and the field was returned to its original state. The Irish short film Six Shooter (2004) also shot scenes at Mountcashel, in Ballymore Eustace.[citation needed]
Amenities
Wolfe Tone Band Hall on the eastern side of the town was built in 2000 and replaced an earlier 1906 building. The hall is named after Irish revolutionary Wolfe Tone and home to the 'Wolfe Tone Brass and Reed Band' established in 1875. In the past the hall was used as a concert hall and cinema, and the present hall is also put to many varied community uses.[10]
Ballymore Eustace GAA grounds
Ballymore Eustace GAA club was founded in 1887.[17] The club grounds can be found on the outskirts of the east side of the village. Facilities include a club house, playing pitches, spectator stand, and parking.[18]
Geep
In April 2014, local farmer and publican Paddy Murphy (who was rearing only white-faced Cheviot sheep at the time)[19] noticed that a sheep–goat hybrid, or "geep", had been born on his farm.[19][20] "I only have white-faced Cheviot sheep" he said, "and when this one came out it was black".[19] Later the same month he was reported as mentioning that he had seen a goat mating with a sheep earlier in the year, but had assumed "nothing would come of it".[21] Murphy confirmed that the newly born geep appeared to be healthy and "thriving" and was even able to run faster than other lambs that were born around the same time.[22]
In most cases, the cross between a sheep and a goat is stillborn, but in this instance the animal had survived. The unnamed offspring, with its "coarse coat of a lamb and the long legs and horns of a goat", was reported to be in good health.[21] The Irish Farmers Journal reported that it was the first time in its history that it had reported the birth of a healthy geep in Ireland.[22][19] The crossbreed was said to be extremely unusual, and a charity competition was launched to name the newborn animal.[23] The event gained international attention and was reported by Time,[23]ABC News,[21] and BBC News[22] amongst others. As of April 2022 the animal was still alive and healthy.
People
Former or current residents of the town have included:
Maurice Monsignor Browne (1892-1979), parish priest of Ballymore Eustace, County Kildare, and Hollywood, County Wicklow, and author of playsPrelude to Victory (1950),[24] as well as novels In Monavalla (1963),[25]From a Presbytery Window (1971),[26] and The Big Sycamore.[27]
^Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. (eds.). Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
^Comyn, John. 50 Years of Greyhound Racing in Ireland. Aherlow. pp. 137–140.
^"A New History of Ireland" Moody,T.W; Martin,F.X; Byrne,F.J;Cosgrove,A: Oxford, OUP, 1976 ISBN0-19-821745-5
^"Clogher clergy and parishes : being an account of the clergy of the Church of Ireland in the Diocese of Clogher, from the earliest period, with historical notices of the several parishes, churches, etc" Leslie, J.B. pp37/8: Enniskille; R. H. Ritchie; 1929
