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((Short description|Ruined Tudor house & palace in Hampshire, England))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2020))
((Use British English|date=February 2023))
((More citations needed|date=October 2012))
[[Image:Basing-House-entrance.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Entrance gate to the Basing House ruins, Old Basing.]]
'''Basing House''' was a [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] [[palace]] and [[castle]] in the [[village]] of [[Old Basing]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Hampshire]].<ref>((Cite web |last=Brumwell |first=Stephen |title='The Siege of Loyalty House' Review: Courage and Carnage |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-siege-of-loyalty-house-review-courage-and-carnage-11673216256 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=WSJ |language=en-US))</ref> It once rivalled [[Hampton Court Palace]] in its size and opulence. Today only parts of the basement or lower ground floor, plus the foundations and earthworks, remain.  The ruins are a Grade II [[listed building]] and a [[scheduled monument]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1092911|work=[[Historic England]]|title=BASING HOUSE RUINS, INCLUDING THE OLD HOUSE AND THE NEW HOUSE|access-date=5 June 2022))</ref>

==History==
Basing House was built from 1531 as a new [[palace]] for [[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester]], [[treasurer]] to [[Edward VI of England|King Edward VI]], [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary I]] and [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]]. The nearby 'Great Barn' was completed in 1534, just before a visit from Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

In its final form, Basing House comprised two linked houses. The "Old House" replaced the [[keep]] of an older [[ringwork]] castle,<ref>((cite web|url=http://hampshireculturaltrust.org.uk/content/history-and-archaeology-basing-house|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715114209/http://hampshireculturaltrust.org.uk/content/history-and-archaeology-basing-house|work=Hampshire Cultural Trust|title=HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF BASING HOUSE|archive-date=15 July 2015))</ref> so was located within a defensive ring of [[Earthworks (military)|earthworks and walls]], whilst the slightly later "New House" was located outside the defences. A bridge and gateway linked the two across and through the defences, a link that was to prove fatal in the final battle for the fortress. The "New House" 'annex' in itself had approximately 360 rooms and was built primarily to accommodate the multitude of people that accompanied royalty when they visited.

Edward VI visited on 7 September 1552 and went on to [[Donnington Castle]] after three days.<ref>((cite book|title=Literary Remains of Edward VI|first=John Gough|last=Nichols|author-link=John Gough Nichols|publisher=Roxburghe Club|date=1857|pages=452–3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=godUAAAAcAAJ))</ref> Elizabeth I came in August 1560 and so liked the house and entertainment that she said she would have married Lord Treasurer Paulet if he had been a younger man. She returned in August 1569.<ref>((cite book|title=The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth|first=John|last=Nichols|author-link=John  Nichols (printer)|volume=1|date=1823|pages=87, 258|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOZRAAAAcAAJ))</ref> In September 1601 she entertained the French ambassador, the [[Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron|Duke de Biron]], at the expense of the [[William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester|Marquess of Winchester]]. She hunted in the park with visiting French noblemen and killed 20 deer, and knighted 11 men.<ref>((cite book|title=The Court of King James the First|first=John Sherren|last=Brewer|author-link=John Sherren Brewer|date=1839|volume=2|pages=20–23|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vkbt4582/items?canvas=38))</ref> [[James VI and I|King James]] visited in August 1603.<ref name=nichols1828>((cite book|title=The Progresses, Processions, and Magnificent Festivities, of King James the First|first=John|last=Nichols|volume=2|date=1828|pages=250, 252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sx8JAQAAIAAJ))</ref> [[Anne of Denmark]] stayed in September 1603.<ref>((citation|title=Calendar of the manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquess of Salisbury at Hatfield House|publisher=[[Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts|Historical Manuscripts Commission]]|volume=15|year=1930|pages=x, 243))</ref> There was dancing, and the elderly [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Earl of Nottingham]] was betrothed to the much younger [[Margaret Howard, Countess of Nottingham|Margaret Stewart]].<ref name=nichols1828/><ref>((cite book|title=Anne of Denmark|first=Ethel Carleton|last=Williams|publisher=[[Prentice Hall|Prentice Hall Press]]|date=7 September 1970|page=87|isbn=978-0582127838))</ref>

On taking the title in February 1629, the [[John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester|5th Marquess]] downsized, moved the family out and waited until returns from his extensive estates all over England allowed him to start restorations. For the first half of the 1630s, the house was closed and the windows boarded over after the family relocated to its other houses. The [[William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester|4th Marquess's]] entertainments almost bankrupted the family, maintenance of the house fell behind, and the design of such a large brick-built (and somewhat experimental) complex after one hundred years had its problems with dry and [[wet rot]], broken windows, leaking roofs, and keeping the various wings heated.((Citation needed|date=February 2018))

[[File:Wenceslaus Hollar - The Siege of Basing House.jpg|thumb|The [[siege of Basing House]].]]
At the time of the outbreak of the [[English Civil War]] in 1642, the 5th Marquess. John Paulet, was a supporter of [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]]. As a consequence, [[parliamentary]] forces [[Siege of Basing House|invested Basing House]] on three occasions, with the [[Royalist]]s breaking the first two sieges.

The final siege started in August 1645 when Colonel [[John Dalbier]], with 800 troops, took up position around the walls. The [[garrison]] held out, despite further reinforcements to the attacking force, until [[Oliver Cromwell]] arrived with a heavy siege-train.<ref>((cite book|title=A chronicle of the late intestine war in the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland with the intervening affairs of treaties and other occurrences relating thereunto|first=James|last=Heath|publisher=J.C. for Thomas Basset|date=1676|page=91|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A43206.0001.001))</ref> By 14 October 1645, the New House had been taken and the defences of the Old House breached. The final storming took place across the link from the New House. Many valuable goods were carried off, and a fire destroyed the building, as well as killing several priests who had taken refuge in the cellar. From the first firing of the guns, the assault was over in forty-five minutes, with the fires raging for up to nine hours after the event.

To send a message to other Royalist supporters, Cromwell returned to London and there was a Parliamentary decree issued that anyone could take from the estate, and therefore local villagers were encouraged to remove bricks from Basing House, and these materials were reused in homes in the surrounding area. While the local populace would sometimes be used to dismantle buildings, it was unusual to encourage them to make use of the materials.<ref>((cite thesis|first=Lila|last=Rakoczy|title=Archaeology of destruction: a reinterpretation of castle slightings in the English Civil War|date=August 2007|type=PhD|publisher=[[University of York]]|page=121|url=http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11092|access-date=5 June 2022))((open access))</ref> There is archaeological evidence that the materials of the house were arranged into types for systematic reclaim, rather than a 'free-for-all'.

John Paulet had his estates confiscated and was sent to the Tower of London on a charge of high [[treason]], which was later dropped, and the site of Basing House was returned to him by [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]. His son [[Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton]], became wealthy again as a consequence of his support for [[William III of England|William of Orange]] during the [[Glorious Revolution]]. This wealth was used to demolish what was left of Basing House and to build nearby a new [[Hackwood Park|house at Hackwood]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.capstudios.co.uk/project.php?p=48|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130420042309/http://www.capstudios.co.uk/project.php?p=48|work=Conservation Architecture & Planning|title=Hackwood House|year=2012|archive-date=20 April 2013))</ref> The prior history of the area on which this house stands is unclear.

==Location==
Basing House is located in the village of [[Old Basing]], approximately one mile east of the centre of the town of [[Basingstoke]], in the north of the [[England|English]] county of [[Hampshire]]. The house is situated close to the upper reaches of the [[River Loddon]]. Operated and funded by Hampshire Cultural Trust since 2014,<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-29862007|work=[[BBC News]]|title=Hampshire and Winchester museums and art leased to trust|date=1 November 2014|access-date=5 June 2022))</ref> the extensive [[ruins]] and gardens are open to the public.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.hampshireculture.org.uk/basing-house|work=Hampshire Cultural Trust|title=Basing House|access-date=5 June 2022))</ref> Parts of the basement or lower ground floor remain, including the wine cellar, brick doorways and archways, bread ovens, salt alcoves, side rooms with surviving vaulted roofs, a vaulted tunnel, and even some original plaster and mortar. Access is by a riverside walk from a car park several hundred yards away. A UK [[Heritage Lottery Fund]] scheme has supported significant upgrades and renovations in recent years. The former [[Basingstoke Canal]] (1788-1910) ran around Basing House and through other parts of Old Basing.

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060116070626/http://www.britannia.com/history/hants/siegebsg.html The story of the Basing House siege]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070709150505/http://www.basingbusiness.com/hawkins/ Sir Stephen Hawkins Regiment of Foote] Sealed Knot Regiment who perform an annual re-enactment of the siege of Basing House
*((oscoor gbx|SU662526))
((coord|51.26872|N|1.05248|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(SU662526)|display=title))<!-- Note: WGS84 lat/long, converted from OSGB36 grid ref -->
*[http://www.marquisofwinchesters.co.uk The Marquess of Winchesters Regiment] of the English Civil War Society who reenact the regiment based at Basing House during the English Civil War.

((Authority control))

[[Category:Basingstoke]]
[[Category:Country houses in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Ruins in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Scheduled monuments in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Sieges involving England]]
[[Category:Museums in Hampshire]]
[[Category:History museums in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological museums in England]]
[[Category:Basingstoke and Deane]]
[[Category:Castles in Hampshire]]
[[Category:1531 establishments in England]]

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