Bathyspondylus Temporal range: Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Restoration of B. swindoniensis as a basal cryptocleidid
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Superorder:	†Sauropterygia
Order:	†Plesiosauria
Genus:	†Bathyspondylus Delair, 1982
Binomial name
†Bathyspondylus swindoniensis Delair, 1982

Bathyspondylus is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Swindon, England. Because it is known only from its fossil vertebrae (and so few of those have been recovered), paleontologists are not entirely sure of the taxonomy of Bathyspondylus; the family it belongs to is not currently known.^[1] The type, and only known, species is B. swindoniensis, which was described from the same material as its genus.^[2]

Etymology

The genus name Bathyspondylus is a compound of two Greek roots: βαθυς (bathys) 'deep' and σπονδυλος (spondylos) 'vertebra'.^[3] It can thus be translated as "deep-vertebrae".

The species name B. swindoniensis refers to the town of Swindon in Wiltshire, near which the holotype specimen was discovered.^[3]

Discovery and naming

The holotype, DM 1774, consisting of 20 pectoral centra, 23 dorsal centra, 1 caudal centrum, fragmentary neural arches, ribs, ischium, a pubis, complete and broken phalangeals and metacarpals, was discovered in Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)-aged Kimmeridge Clay Formation, outcropping at the Great Western Railway Works in Swindon, England, in 1774 and the holotype was at one point in time part of the collection of William Cunnington III sometime before his death in 1810. It was probably part of the Devizes Museum collection by 1888, where it is now housed.^[4] It was named in 1982 by J. B. Delair.^[2]

Description

Bathyspondylus had centra set fairly deep in the vertebrae relative to its length, as its name (the Greek words for deep-vertebrae) would suggest.^[4] The vertebrae themselves are short antero-posteriorly and can be flat or concave on their terminal faces.^[4] The holotype specimen, from 1774, appears to have features of both pliosauroids and plesiosauroids incorporated into its bones.^[4]

Distribution

Bathyspondylus lived during the Kimmeridgian faunal stage of the Jurassic period, which occurred roughly 155 to 150 million years ago. The first of its fossils came from deposits near Swindon in Wiltshire, England.^[4]