The Battle of Dobro Pole was a World War I battle, fought on September 15, 1918. The battle resulted in a decisive Anglo-French victory, with a defeated Bulgaria left to sign an armistice, which removed it from World War I.
The battle was fought at Dobro Pole, in present day Macedonia, then part of Bulgaria.
Prelude
Once the Bulgarian advance into Romania and Greece had been halted, conditions at the front deteriorated rapidly and political support for the war began to wane. Bulgaria had now achieved all its war aims, but was compelled to continue fighting in order to assist its Central Powers allies. With little manpower available for farming, serious food shortages affected both civilians and soldiers while rampant inflation damaged the economy. In 1917 food riots broke out and opposition to World War I propaganda became widely circulated.
On June 17, 1917, Greece joined the war on the side of the Entente (having issued a declaration of war on 23 November 1916). In September 1918, the Entente forces launched a two-pronged offensive into Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia.
Bulgaria was able to defeat Britain and Greece at the Battle of Doiran decisively, but Anglo-French forces did not halt their advance, and the two forces finally met at Dobro Pole.
The Battle
Bulgarian forces met a more powerful and larger army at Dobro Pole. The large majority of the Allied Powers consisted of the 122nd French Infantry Division. The Bulgarians were prized for losing no battles to this point in the war, and Ferdinand I decided to stay and fight. The machine gun companies, the 10th and 30th Bulgarian Infantry Divisions dug in. However, the Anglo-French force was drastically superior. Before the battle began, the Bulgarians were surrounded. Being outmanned and strategically inert, the Bulgarians were unable to stop the Allied advance. Even when asked to surrender, as victory was hopeless, the Bulgarians refused to give up, ignoring the Allied requests. The Allies continued to advance, and eventually their flamethrowers inflicted devastating damage upon the Bulgarians, who soon were soundly defeated.
Revolt
After the humiliating defeat at Dobro Pole, other Bulgarian soldiers began to revolt, and the Bulgarian front lines were abandoned. The rebels headed towards Sofia in order to negotiate with the government. When the rebels reached Sofia, they were crushed by Bulgarian loyalists and German troops.
Aftermath
10 days after the battle, with the front lines abandoned by the Bulgarian Army, the Entente advance in Bulgaria met little resistance. Bulgaria signed an armistice with the Allied Powers, officially leaving the war. Immediately after, a peasant-led "Agrarian" government took control.
In November 1919 the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine awarded Thrace to Greece, depriving Bulgaria of access to the Aegean Sea. The newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes took Macedonia and Southern Dobruja went back to Romania. Severe limitations were placed on the size of the Bulgarian Army and enormous war reparations in goods and money were to be paid to the Allies.
Bulgaria
France
British Empire