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((more citations needed|date=June 2016))
((short description|1916 battle during the First World War))
((Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Battle of Florina
|partof=[[Macedonian front (World War I)]]
|image=Bulgaria during World War I.png
|image_size=300px
|caption=Battle of Lerin (to the south-west)
|date=17-28 August 1916
|place=around [[Florina]], [[Greece]]
|result=Minor Bulgarian victory 
*The Bulgarians capture Florina
*Bulgarian advance stopped
|combatant1=((flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria))
|combatant2=((flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia))
|commander1=((flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria)) [[Kliment Boyadzhiev]]
|commander2=((flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia)) [[Pavle Jurišić Šturm]]
|units1=((flagicon|Kingdom of Bulgaria)) [[First Army (Bulgaria)|First Army]]
|units2=((flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia)) 3 Corps((ref|1|[nb 1]))
|strength1=((plainlist|
*117,368
*190 field guns
*128 machine guns
))
|strength2=124,000
|casualties1=((plainlist|
*1,079 killed
*4,399 wounded<hr>
*'''Total''': 5,478<ref name=Hall>Richard C. Hall, "Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918" pg. 68</ref>
))
|casualties2=((plainlist|
*657 killed
*2,555 wounded
*706 missing<hr>
*'''Total''': 3,918<ref name=Hall>Richard C. Hall, "Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918" pg. 68</ref>
))
|campaignbox=((Campaignbox Macedonian Front (World War I)))
))

The '''Battle of Lerin''' or '''Battle of Florina''' or '''Chegan offensive''' was an offensive operation of the Bulgarian army fought between 17–28 August 1916, during the [[First World War]], in which they conquered the city of [[Florina]] (in present-day Greece, but known in Bulgaria as ''Lerin'') but failed to take Chegan.

==Background==
In August 1916, [[Romania]] chose to join the war effort on the side of the Entente. The Allies planned a large offensive in the [[Macedonian front]] for the middle of August to support Romania's entry into the war and pin down as many Bulgarian forces as possible. The Bulgarian high command suspected an impending offensive, and the fighting around [[Battle of Doiran (1916)|Doiran]] that erupted on 9 August only confirmed these suspicions. On their part, the Bulgarians had urged for an offensive in Macedonia since the beginning of the year, now planning a strike with the [[First Army (Bulgaria)|First Army]] and [[Second Army (Bulgaria)|Second Army]] on both Allied flanks.

The [[Struma operation]] on the eastern flank by the [[Second Army (Bulgaria)|Bulgarian Second Army]] under [[Georgi Todorov (general)|general Todorov]] was a huge success, mainly because the Greek government ordered their troops not to resist.

== Chegan operation ==
The advance on the right flank was to be undertaken by the [[Bulgarian First Army]], which had the following order of battle in July 1916:

{| class="wikitable"
|+First Army Order of Battle
! !!Battalions !!Men !!Rifles !!Machine guns !!Cannons
|-
|Army Staff, rear services etc. || ||align="right"|13,361 ||align="right"|5,524 || ||
|-
|Eighth "Tundzha" Infantry Division ||align="right"|22 ||align="right"|41,376 ||align="right"|22,538 ||align="right"|36 ||align="right"|48
|-
|3/6 Infantry Brigade ||align="right"|10 ||align="right"|8,029 ||align="right"|6,491 ||align="right"|12 ||align="right"|12
|-
|Third Cavalry Brigade || ||align="right"|1,892 ||align="right"|1,310 ||align="right"| ||align="right"|4
|-
|Third "Balkan" Infantry Division ||align="right"|21 ||align="right"|42,777 ||align="right"|26,953 ||align="right"|36 ||align="right"|48
|-
|Army Units (15th IR, reserves etc.) ||align="right"|4 ||align="right"|7,946 ||align="right"|7,000 ||align="right"|20 ||align="right"|66
|-
|German Units ||align="right"| ||align="right"|1,987 ||align="right"|987 ||align="right"|24 ||align="right"|12
|-
|'''Total''' ||align="right"|'''57''' ||align="right"|'''117,368''' ||align="right"|'''70,803''' ||align="right"|'''128''' ||align="right"|'''190'''
|}

The Germans finally agreed that an offensive was needed, and on 12 August [[Kliment Boyadzhiev|general Boyadzhiev]] received his orders from the headquarters of [[Army Group Mackensen (Serbia)|Army Group "Mackensen"]]. The right wing of the army, consisting of the reinforced 8th infantry division (four and a half infantry brigades,) was to advance and take [[Florina|Lerin]] while parts of the 3rd division towards the Chegan mountain range and the village of the same name (today known as [[Agios Athanasios, Pella|Agios Athanasios]], to the north-west of [[Lake Vegoritida]], in the Greek [[Pella (regional unit)|regional unit of Pella]]). General Boyadzhiev agreed to attack but had concerns regarding the final results of the offensive because his army was scattered on a ((nobr|140 km)) front and lacked enough mountain and heavy artillery.
The six infantry and one cavalry divisions of the three Serbian armies faced the Bulgarians.

The offensive began on 17 August 1916, with the Bulgarians taking [[Florina|Lerin]] and [[Vevi|Banitsa]]. However, the advance soon encountered difficulties, slowing down considerably due to the increased Serbian resistance. The fighting was especially heavy on the bare rocky slopes of Chegan Mountain and the [[Voras Mountains]]. The Serbians were reinforced with new artillery constantly and fresh troops thanks to the railway that reached the battlefield, while the Bulgarians soon began depleting their ammunition stocks. This and the slow advance forced the Bulgarian high command to call off all attacks on 27 August and order the forces to dig in on the occupied positions between [[Lake Vegoritida]], [[Lake Petron]] and along the ridges of the [[Voras Mountains]]. For the next several days, the Bulgarian positions were subjected to heavy artillery fire and a few Serbian attacks that were repulsed.

== Consequences ==
The ''Chegan Offensive'' also known as the ''Lerin Offensive'' had failed. It failed to influence [[Romania in World War I|Romania]], which entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] but also failed to achieve its final military objective to take the Chegan village and the pass north of [[Vegoritida|Lake Ostrovo]].

French General [[Maurice Sarrail]] now prepared a counterattack against the First Bulgarian Army that would eventually develop in the [[Monastir Offensive]]. The French retook Lerin/Florina on 23 September 1916.

== References ==
((reflist))
*((Note|1)) These units were termed "Army." They were, in fact, corps-sized formations.

== See also ==
* [[First Army (Bulgaria)]]

((Bulgaria in World War I))
((Wars and battles involving Serbs))

((coord|40.7833|N|21.4000|E|source:wikidata|display=title))

((DEFAULTSORT:Florina))
[[Category:Battles of the Balkans Theatre (World War I)]]
[[Category:Battles of World War I involving Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Battles of World War I involving Serbia]]
[[Category:Serbia in World War I]]
[[Category:Greece in World War I]]
[[Category:Battles involving France]]
[[Category:Battles in Macedonia (Greece)]]
[[Category:1916 in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:1916 in Serbia]]
[[Category:Florina]]
[[Category:Macedonian front]]
[[Category:August 1916 events]]

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