The Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU; Russian: Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана, МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана), sometimes colloquially referred as the Bauman School[6] or Baumanka (Бауманка), is a public technical university (polytechnic) located in Moscow, Russia. Bauman University offers B.S., M.S & PhD degrees in various engineering fields and applied sciences. In 2023, US News & World Report ranked it #1,758 in the world.[4]
Russian anniversary postage stamp with the Main Building of the Bauman University, 2005
Bauman University is the second oldest educational institution in Russia after Lomonosov Moscow State University (1755). In 1763, the Russian Empress Catherine II founded the Educational Imperial House. On October 5, 1826, the dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna issued a decree to establish "great workshops for different crafts with bedrooms, a dining room, etc." as a part of the Moscow Foundling Home in the German Quarter. All craft pupils were moved from an Orphanage there. On July 1, 1830, Emperor Nicholas I approved the Statute of Moscow Craft School.
Russia's developing industry needed skilled labor in many trades with the aim of the new school being to train artisans with a theoretical background to improve and spread skills in various trades all over Russia. New schools were created to teach crafts as well as basic sciences. In 1868 MCS was reorganized into the Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTS) under the directorship of Victor Della-Vos. The main purpose of IMTS was to "educate construction engineers, mechanical engineers and industrial technologists".
The IMTS was financially supported by the Government and industrialists. Its management was democratic. A key feature of the new institution was its educational system called the "Russian method",[8] which unifies a broad and intensive theoretical preparation with a deep practical education closely connected with industries. The school participated in the Universal Exposition in 1873 in Vienna and the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876. It proved to be influential on John Daniel Runkle when he introduced manual training alongside theoretical training at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[9] It was also applied to other American technical universities.[10] Many scientists taught in IMTS, such as D. Mendeleev, N. Jukovsky, P. Chebychev, S. Chaplygin, A. Yershov, D. Sovetkin, F. Dmitriev, A. Letnikov, A. Gavrilenko.[11]
In the Soviet period IMTS was renamed Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School (BMHTS), after revolutionary Nikolay Bauman. BMHTS continued education of engineers for machine and instrument building. In 1938, new military departments were created in MHTS such as tank, artillery, and ammunition. In 1948 a rocket department was added.[12]
During the first half of the 20th century, Bauman University formed and founded more than 70 technical universities in the USSR. Some of them are now well known institutions, such as Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow University of Civil Engineering, Moscow Chemical Institute, Moscow Communication and Informatics University, Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute TSAGI, and the Military Academy of Aviation Engineering Joukovski.[13]
On 27 July 1989 USSR State committee for peoples education conferred on Moscow Higher Technical School a name of Bauman Moscow Technical University (BMSTU). BMSTU was honored to be the first Russian technical university. Nearly 200,000 students graduated from the University. Most of them chose to become scientists or engineers in leading research centers, universities, private and government owned companies. Many of government officials, chief designers, CEOs of big enterprises, and cosmonauts are Bauman graduates, as noted below in the alumni section.
Main Building of the Bauman University. View from the Yauza River side
The Bauman University was commonly regarded as one of Russia's most prestigious universities and has high entry requirements for its prospective students.[who?]The Bauman University is regularly ranked first in official government and business press rating.[15][16][17][18] The Bauman University also regularly occupies top 3 places in rating of alumni hunted by biggest Russian companies.[19][20] In 2011/2012 QS World University rankings, BMSTU ranked 379th overall[21] and 229th in Engineering & IT.[22]
The Bauman University has a National Research Center status, the financing of Bauman University is provided by a separate expense asset of Russian National Budget independently of Ministry of Education.[23] BMSTU is Skolkovo innovation center founder.[24]
Sanctions
The head of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Anatoly Alexandrov signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[25] On November 2, 2023, an agreement was reached between Bauman Moscow State Technical University for the development of design documentation for the so-called "jihad machine" (Jihad), a light and manoeuvrable buggy intended for use in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The authorities of Chechnya will be responsible for the serial production of this equipment.[26]
Educational programs
Educational and Laboratory Building of the BMSTU and the monument to Sergei Korolev
The admissions process includes exams on math, physics, and Russian. The university accepts one in ten applicants, which means that there are more than 30000 applicants.[27] More than 2,600 of them pass through two years of preparation courses, another 2,000 follow studies in high schools partners of Bauman University.[28] Participation in admission process requires a gage of original high school certificate which prevents applicants to take part in Lomonosov Moscow State University admission process at the same time.[29]
The academic year in this university begins on 1 September, and is divided into two terms (semesters). Students take exams at the end of each semester. The course of study lasts 6 years without interrupt for engineer specialist degree. But over the last few years the Bauman University has continued to integrate with the Bologna Process. And today some students learn using two step educational system. The first two years students study general engineering subjects. In the third year students begin to study specialized subjects.[citation needed] The university scientific library was founded in 1830.[citation needed]
Branches
Dmitrov
Eastern antenna of the BMSTU radio telescope near the Dmitrov Branch
The first order of the BMSTU Dmitrov Branch was bringing into service in 1965. In 1965–1973 – Suburban Educational and Science-Experimental Centre, in 1973–2000 – Educational-Experimental Centre.[30]
Kaluga
In 1959 BMSTU opened in Kaluga the branch for education of the industrial machine- and device engineering personnel. Nowadays the BMSTU Kaluga Branch is a technical institute of Kaluga region. It consists of 7 buildings. The Kaluga Branch is an educational-science- manufacturing complex, including: 5 departments (machine engineering technologies; design-mechanical; electronics, informatics and management; socioeconomic; fundamental science), military education department, computer bureau, library with reading-rooms, sport camp and sport pavilion.[citation needed]
Publishing
The Bauman University Publishing House was established in January, 1989[31] on the base of university publishing department.[citation needed] The first issue of Baumanets newspaper was printed on 18 February 1923. At that time the newspaper was called Udarnik. It has been printed for 90 years since then.[citation needed]
In 1990 Bauman Publishing House started issuing theoretical and applied broad-scoped "Vestnik MSTU". There are educational materials in different scientific areas: Physical and Mathematical sciences, Information and Computer science, Optics, Mechanical, Radio, Instrument and Power Engineering, Laser Technology, Economics, Law and other subjects.[citation needed]
Notable faculty and alumni
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev – Lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer, founder of soviet cosmonautics
Sergey Alexandrovich Afanasyev – Soviet engineer and statesman, space and defence industry executive, the first Minister of the Soviet Ministry of General Machine Building.
Alfred Rosenberg – German Nazi political figure, influential ideologue of the NSDAP, executed for war crimes
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