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((short description|Sedimentary rock cemented with carbonates, formed along a shoreline))
((Refimprove|date=September 2008))

[[File:Reunion Saint-Leu Beachrock.JPG|thumb|Beachrock along [[Réunion]] island seashore]]
[[File:Reunion Saint-Leu Beachrock(detail).JPG|thumb|Detail showing fragments of coral and shells]]
'''Beachrock''' is a [[friable]] to well-cemented [[sedimentary rock]] that consists of a variable mixture of  [[gravel]]-, [[sand]]-, and [[silt]]-sized [[sediment]] that is [[Cementation (geology)|cemented]] with [[Calcium carbonate|carbonate]] minerals and has formed along a shoreline. Depending on location, the sediment that is cemented to form beachrock can consist of a variable mixture of [[Seashell|shells]], coral fragments, rock fragments of different types, and other materials. It can contain scattered [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]], pieces of wood, and coconuts. Beachrock typically forms within the intertidal zone within tropical or semitropical regions. However, [[Quaternary]] beachrock is also found as far north and south as 60° latitude.<ref name="NeuendorfOthers2005a">Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005) ''Glossary of Geology'' (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. ((ISBN|0-922152-76-4))</ref><ref name="ScholleOthers1983a">Scholle, P.A., D.G. Bebout, and C.H. Moore (1983) ''Carbonate Depositional Environments.'' Memoir no. 33. Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 708 pp. ((ISBN|978-0-89181-310-1))</ref>

== Overview ==
Beachrock units form under a thin cover of [[sediment]] and generally overlie unconsolidated sand. They typically consist of multiple units, representing multiple episodes of cementation and exposure. The mineralogy of beachrocks is mainly high-magnesium [[calcite]] or [[aragonite]]. The main processes involved in the cementation are : supersaturation with CaCO<sub>3</sub> through direct evaporation of seawater,<ref>Scoffin, T.P. & Stoddart, D.R. 1983. Beachrock and intertidal sediments, Chemical Sediments and Geomorphology. Academic Press, Inc.</ref> groundwater CO<sub>2</sub> degassing in the [[vadose zone]],<ref>Hanor, J.S. 1978. Precipitation of Beachrock Cements: Mixing of Marine and Meteoric Waters Vs. Co2-Degassing.</ref> mixing of marine and meteoric water fluxes<ref>SCHMALZ, R.F. 1971. Formation of beachrock at Eniwetok Atoll.</ref> and precipitation of [[Micrite|micritic]] calcium carbonate as a byproduct of microbiological activity.<ref>Neumeier, U. 1998. The role of microbial activity in early cementation of beachrocks (intertidal sediments). PhD Thesis, University of Geneva. Terre et Environment (12).</ref>

On retreating coasts, outcrops of beachrock may be evident offshore where they may act as a barrier against coastal erosion. Beachrock presence can also induce sediment deficiency in a beach and out-synch its wave regime. Because beachrock is lithified within the intertidal zone and because it commonly forms in a few years, its potential as an indicator of past sea level is important.

==Cementation and position of beachrock==
Beachrocks are located along the coastline in a parallel term and they are usually a few meters offshore. They are generally separated in several levels which may correspond to different generations of beachrock cementation. Thus, the older zones are located in the outer part of the formation when the younger ones are on the side of the beach, possibly under the unconsolidated sand. They also seem to have a general inclination to the sea (50 – 150). There are several appearances of beachrock formations which are characterized by multiple cracks and gaps. The result from this fact is an interruptible formation of separated blocks of beachrock, which may be of the same formation.

The length of beachrocks varies from meters to kilometers, its width can reach up to 300&nbsp;meters and its height starts from 30&nbsp;cm and reaches 3&nbsp;meters.

Following the process of coastal erosion, beachrock formation may be uncovered. Coastal erosion may be the result of [[sea level rise]] or deficit in sedimentary equilibrium. One way or another, unconsolidated sand that covers the beachrock draws away and the formation is revealed. If the process of cementation continues, new beachrock would be formed in a new position in the intertidal zone. Successive phases of sea level change may result in sequential zones of beachrock.

==See also==
*[[Coquina]]

==References==
((reflist))

((coastal geography))

[[Category:Limestone]]
[[Category:Coastal geography]]
[[Category:Beaches]]
[[Category:Oceanographical terminology]]

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