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((Use dmy dates|date=October 2019))
((more citations needed|date=June 2022))
((Infobox UK place
| official_name               = Beaufort
| country                     = Wales
| static_image_name           = Carno Reservoir - geograph.org.uk - 658800.jpg
| static_image_width          = 205px
| static_image_caption        = Carno reservoir, [[Rassau]], Beaufort
| map_type                    =
| welsh_name                  = Cendl
| constituency_welsh_assembly = [[Blaenau Gwent (Assembly constituency)|Blaenau Gwent]]
| population                  = 3,866
| population_ref              = <ref name=2011census>[http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/documents/Documents_Governance/Beaufort_Ward.pdf Census 2011 Statistics Overview: Beaufort Ward Profile] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213162539/http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/documents/Documents_Governance/Beaufort_Ward.pdf |date=2014-12-13 )). Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council. Retrieved 9 April 2014.</ref>
| coordinates                 = ((coord|51.797|-3.206|display=inline,title))
| unitary_wales               = [[Blaenau Gwent]]
| lieutenancy_wales           = [[Gwent (county)|Gwent]]
| constituency_westminster    = [[Blaenau Gwent (UK Parliament constituency)|Blaenau Gwent]]
| post_town                   = EBBW VALE
| postcode_district           = NP23
| postcode_area               = NP
| dial_code                   = 01495 
))
[[File:Rassau looking towards Ebbw Vale town - geograph.org.uk - 498176.jpg|thumb|right|Rassau looking towards Ebbw Vale]]
'''Beaufort''' (((lang-cy|Cendl)) or ''Y Cendl'') is a [[Community (Wales)|community]] and village located in the [[historic counties of Wales|historic county]] of [[Brecknockshire]] ([[Breconshire]]) and the [[Preserved counties of Wales|preserved county]] of [[Gwent (county)|Gwent]]. It currently lies on the northern edge of the [[county borough]] of [[Blaenau Gwent]] in [[Wales]]. According to the 2011 census, the population of the ward and community of Beaufort is 3,866<ref name = 2011census />

The settlement arose on the boundary of two parishes, [[Llangattock (Crickhowell)|Llangattock]] in Brecknockshire and [[Aberystruth]] in Monmouthshire on the 1779 establishment of the [[#Industrial history|Beaufort Iron Works]] by Edward and Jonathan Kendall (Cendl) after whom the new settlement was first named.

==Description==
The village's name derives from the fact that much of the local land was originally owned by the [[Duke of Beaufort]]. It is bordered to the west by the [[Ebbw River]] which passes close to [[St David]]'s Church ([[Church in Wales]]). 'Carmeltown', with its Carmel Chapel, lies between the Rassau and the rest of Beaufort. The 'rest of Beaufort' (i.e. geographically the eastern part of Beaufort) is frequently referred to as 'Beaufort' or 'Beaufort Hill'.((citation needed|date=June 2022))

The eastern end of Beaufort is more densely populated than Carmeltown or the border areas of Rassau or [[Brynmawr]].

Beaufort and parts of nearby [[Badminton, Blaenau Gwent|Badminton]] and Rassau are some of the most affluent areas in the county. House prices in these area are some of the most expensive in the area, with a new housing development at the top of Beaufort Hill being developed with house starting around £200,000 - £300,000.((citation needed|date=June 2022))

The village also has a theatre with a ball room where many famous people played at the start of their careers.((citation needed|date=June 2022)) One of the most famous was Tommy Scott who later went on to become known worldwide as Sir Tom Jones.

Up until 1958 the village was served by [[Beaufort (LNWR) railway station|Beaufort railway station]], a station on the [[London and North Western Railway|LNWR]] railway line from [[Merthyr, Tredegar and Abergavenny Railway|Abergavenny - Merthyr]].

==Welsh==
Historically, the language of Beaufort was Welsh.  In his 1893 book 'Wales and her language', John E Southall, reports that over 60% of the population of Beaufort spoke Welsh.((citation needed|date=June 2022)) The Reverend Peter Williams' monograph, 'The Story of Carmel', concerning Carmel Congregational Church (chapel) in Beaufort, published in 1965, reports that between 1904 and 1906 the change was made to conduct the morning Sunday service (the less prestigious service) in English, whereas previously both the morning and evening services had been in Welsh.((citation needed|date=June 2022)) Beaufort was bilingual with both [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and English-language chapels until at least the end of the 19th century with the Welsh language surviving well into the 20th century before rapidly disappearing as a native language by World War II. ((citation needed|date=June 2022)) Elements of a Welsh service continued (e.g. in Carmel Chapel) until the 1970s. Amongst its [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformist]] chapels, the Welsh Independent Congregational Chapel 'Carmel' was pre-eminent, rising to national fame under the leadership of [[Thomas Rees (Congregational minister)|Thomas Rees]] DD (author of ''History of Protestant Nonconformity in Wales'', whose second edition was printed in 1883).((citation needed|date=June 2022)) According to the 2001 census, 440 residents, or 11.7% of the village's population aged 3 and over could speak Welsh.<ref>Spreading the Word: the Welsh Language 2001</ref> This gave Beaufort the highest percentage of Welsh Speakers in Blaenau Gwent.

==History==
[[File:Beaufort Breconshire Postcardv2.jpg|thumb|Postcard to address in Beaufort, labelled as Breconshire, 1920s]]
Beaufort was historically part of the parish of [[Llangattock (Crickhowell)|Llangattock]] in [[Brecknockshire]].<ref>((cite web |title=Beaufort Civil Parish |url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10217880 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=7 October 2021))</ref> In 1878 Beaufort was added to the [[Ebbw Vale]] [[sanitary district|Urban Sanitary District]].<ref>((cite news |title=Ebbw Vale: Local Government Board Enquiry |url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3440113/3440121/101/ |access-date=7 October 2022 |work=Monmouthshire Merlin |publisher=National Library of Wales |date=1 March 1878 |location=Newport |page=8))</ref><ref>((cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1879 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |page=xcix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8RcwAQAAMAAJ |access-date=7 October 2022))</ref> When elected county councils were established in 1889, urban sanitary districts which straddled county boundaries, as Ebbw Vale did, were placed entirely in the administrative county which had the majority of the district's population. Beaufort and neighbouring [[Rassau]] were therefore transferred from Brecknockshire to the administrative county of [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]] on 1 April 1889.<ref>((cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1888|year=1888|chapter=41|section=50|accessdate=7 October 2022))</ref>

Ebbw Vale Urban Sanitary District became Ebbw Vale [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|Urban District]] in 1894. Further local government reform in 1974 saw Ebbw Vale Urban District abolished, becoming the Ebbw Vale [[community (Wales)|community]] of the [[Blaenau Gwent]] district of [[Gwent (county)|Gwent]]. A Beaufort community was created in 1985 from part of the Ebbw Vale community, covering both Beaufort and Rassau.<ref>((cite web |title=Blaenau Gwent Registration District |url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/blaenau%20gwent.html |website=UKBMD |access-date=7 October 2022))</ref> This was further divided in 2010 to create three communities: Beaufort (including the village and the area to the north), [[Badminton, Blaenau Gwent|Badminton]] (to the south), and [[Rassau]] (to the west).<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2010/1503/made|title=The Blaenau Gwent (Communities) Order 2010|publisher=Legislation.gov.uk|access-date=17 June 2018))</ref>

== Places of interest in Beaufort ==
[https://www.parcnantywaun.org.uk Parc Nant y Waun] is a [[nature reserve]] incorporating 22 hectares of grassland, mires and reservoirs which was officially opened in 2007.<ref name="PNYW2">[http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/PRINT/news/2007/9856.htm Opening of Parc Nant y Waun] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612124530/http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/PRINT/news/2007/9856.htm |date=2011-06-12 ))</ref> Home to many wildlife species, it includes a picnic area, outdoor classroom and angling Club.<ref name="AC">[http://www.parcnantywaun.ik.com/p_Angling_Club.ikml Angling Club]((dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

Carmel Chapel is a Grade II listed building<ref name="walesonline">((cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2011/03/30/welsh-chapels-disappearing-at-rate-of-one-a-week-91466-28426606/|title=Welsh chapels disappearing at rate of one a week - Wales Online|publisher=walesonline.co.uk|access-date=13 December 2014))</ref><ref name="parishchest">((cite web|url=http://www.parishchest.com/beaufort_monumental_inscriptions__P93582|title=Beaufort Monumental Inscriptions - Parish Chest|publisher=parishchest.com|access-date=13 December 2014))</ref><ref name="bbc">((cite web|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/carmel-chapel-beaufort-glyn-ebwy-1865-121166|title=BBC - Your Paintings - Carmel Chapel, Beaufort, Glyn Ebwy, 1865|publisher=bbc.co.uk|access-date=13 December 2014))</ref><ref name="google">((cite book|title=Journals of the House of Lords|author=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords|date=1856|volume=88|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLMf0I8tiWMC|page=43|access-date=13 December 2014))</ref><ref name="nationalarchives">((cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=O77232|title=Carmel Congregational Church, Beaufort &#124; The National Archives|publisher=nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=13 December 2014))</ref>

[[File:CARMEL CHAPEL BEAUFORT CUP AND SAUCER.jpg|thumb|Chapel crockery of Carmel Chapel, Beaufort (Breconshire and later Mon). Dr Rhobert Lewis (Brecon)]]

== Culture ==
The Beaufort Male Choir originally formed in 1897, are still going strong today with over sixty singers from all over [[Gwent (county)|Gwent]]. They have performed in many venues all around the world, and are one of the most famous choirs in [[Wales]].<ref name="beaufortmalechoir">((cite web|url=http://www.beaufortmalechoir.com|title=Beaufort Male Choir - Beaufort Male Choir|publisher=beaufortmalechoir.com|access-date=13 December 2014))</ref>((better source needed|date=June 2022)) The choir, one of the oldest in Wales, was founded at the end of the eighteenth century. Today's choir was reformed after the [[Second World War]] in 1947.

The musical director is Craig James and accompanist Margaret Davies. in 2013, Margaret Davies, the choir's accompanist for 43 years was named on Her Majesty the Queens New Years Honours list, receiving the BEM for services to Music and the Community.<ref>[http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/10131562.Tredegar_s_Paralympic_hero__Mark_Colbourne__among_Gwent_honours/ "Tredegar's Paralympic hero, Mark Colbourne, among Gwent honours"], ''South Wales Argus'', 29 December 2012.</ref>

==Industrial history==
===Beaufort Iron Works===
Edward (1750–1807) and Jonathan Kendall or Cendl of Dan-y-Parc Crickhowell established these works in 1779 on a 99-year lease. In 1833, by which time there were four furnaces, the works were taken over as an extension of their Nantyglo operations by the Bailey brothers, Joseph and Crawshay who put their sister's son, William Partridge (1800–1862), in charge. Unmarried Agents (senior managers) of the local iron works companies lodged at the Rhyd-y-Blew, a drovers' inn, properly the hunting lodge of the Duke of Beaufort who carried out an annual rough-shoot of the area. The inn was at the end of the toll road from Merthyr Tydfil and for the rest of the year provided the drovers’ animals very good pasture and water in the Ebbw river. Suffolk-born Partridge married Charlotte Bevan, daughter of the Rhyd-y-Blew's innkeeper, and remained in charge of the Beaufort iron works until his early death in 1862. The works soon closed. In conjunction with the then well-known Needham family of Beaufort mining engineers Partridge sons became involved in local collieries and established the substantial business later known as Partridge Jones. Grandson, rugby international and [[Barbarian FC|Barbarian]], [[Joseph Edward Crawshay Partridge|"Birdie" Partridge]] founded the [[Army Rugby Union]]. The Beaufort works house eventually became a fever hospital in 1902 and has since been demolished.((citation needed|date=June 2022))

The ground, just south of Beaufort Hill, and close to a Chapel of Rest in the area known as Glanyafon, once occupied by the iron works has long been cleared and covered with houses. Giant pieces of slag remained in place until the most recent developments.

==See also==
*[[Rassau]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/BRE/Llangatwg/Beaufort2.html History of Beaufort] from ''The History of Brecknockshire'' by [[Theophilus Jones (historian)|Theophilus Jones]].
*[https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=2802021 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Beaufort and surrounding area]
*((cite web|url=http://www.beaufortmalechoir.com|title=Beaufort Male Choir - Beaufort Male Choir|publisher=beaufortmalechoir.com|access-date=13 December 2014))
*((cite web|url=http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/10131562.Tredegar_s_Paralympic_hero__Mark_Colbourne__among_Gwent_honours/|title=Tredegar's Paralympic hero, Mark Colbourne, among Gwent honours (From South Wales Argus)|publisher=southwalesargus.co.uk|access-date=13 December 2014))

((Blaenau Gwent))

((authority control))

[[Category:Villages in Blaenau Gwent]]
[[Category:Communities in Blaenau Gwent]]

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