History
PRC
Name	Beidiao 991
Namesake	North Investigation 991
Builder	CSIC
Commissioned	April 2008
In service	2008
Homeport	Dalian
General characteristics
Type	Multipurpose research ship (AGE)
Displacement	1,441 long tons (1,464 t)
Length	64 m (210 ft 0 in)
Beam	23 m (75 ft 6 in)
Installed power	2800 kW
Propulsion	Marine Diesel
Speed	11 kt
Range	1500 nm
Endurance	7 days
Complement	32
Electronic warfare & decoys	None

Chinese Research Ship Beidiao 991 is a research ship that has served both in civilian use and in the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).^[1][2][3][4] It was built in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This ship has the NATO reporting name Kandao (Chinese: 勘岛),^[5][6][7][8] meaning Surveying Island.

Design

The steel-hulled Beidiao 991 adopts a Small-waterplane-area twin hull design, with a 2800 kW Integrated electric propulsion (IEP). It is the first ship with a displacement greater than one thousand tons to adopt an IEP in China.^[1][2] Research activities are conducted on the 120 square meter afterdeck and the five onboard labs (two on port, two on starboard, and one at the stern).^[1][2] The ship is equipped with a galley, conference room, command center, and various equipment for different scientific research missions, such as hydrographic, oceanographic, geologic and acoustic surveys.^[1][2]

Initial service proved unsatisfactory: when operating in high seas. The ship suffered from excessive vibration that generated enough noise to prevent onboard scientific research equipment from working properly.^[1][2] Fuel and fresh water reserves were inadequate, causing a need for frequent replenishment.^[1][2]

The ship went through a major upgrade to resolve these issues,^[1][2] which resulted in a Type 639 oceanographic surveillance ship that is forty percent larger with displacement reaching fifteen hundred tons.