Transitivity and valency
Transitivity
Intransitive verb Transitive verb Ditransitive verb
Valence increasing
Causative Applicative Benefactive Dative shift
Valence decreasing
Passive Antipassive Impersonal passive
Reflexives and reciprocals
Reflexive pronoun Reflexive verb Reciprocal (grammar) Reciprocal pronoun
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The benefactive case (abbreviated BEN, or sometimes B when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used where English would use "for", "for the benefit of", or "intended for", e.g. "She opened the door for Tom" or "This book is for Bob". The benefactive case expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause.

This meaning is often incorporated in a dative case. In Latin this type of dative is called the dativus commodi.

An example of a language with a benefactive case is Basque, which has a benefactive case ending in -entzat. Quechua is another example, and the benefactive case ending in Quechua is -paq. Tangkhul-Naga (from the Tibeto-Burman group of languages) has the benefactive case marker -wiʋaŋ.

In Aymara, the benefactive case is marked with -taki, expressing that the referent of the inflected noun benefits from the situation expressed by the verb, or, when there is no verb, that the noun to which it attaches is a recipient, as in the word below:^[1]

Benefactive meaning may also be marked on the verb, in a common type of applicative voice.

Autobenefactive

An autobenefactive case or voice marks a case where the agents and the benefactor are one and the same. In Rhinelandic colloquial German, one finds expressions like:

Ich rauch mer en Zigarett.

(I smoke a cigarette for myself), where mer (for myself) is optional.

In the Colognian language, there is a compulsory autobenefactive for example with the verb bedde (to pray) when it is used intransitively:

Hä deiht sesch bedde

(He is praying).

Similarly, in French one can say, in informal but fully correct language:

Je me fume une cigarette. Je me fais une pause.

(Literally: I (to) myself smoke a cigarette. I (to) myself do a pause.)

Formally, those forms coincide with reflexives in these languages.

A similar construction is also found in colloquial English with a pronoun that is reflexive in function but not form:

I love me some chicken.