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((Short description|German military officer))
((Refimprove|date=February 2008))
((Infobox military person
|name=Bernd Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven
|birth_date=((OldStyleDate|24 January|1914|6 February))
|death_date=((death date and age|2007|2|27|1914|2|6|df=y))
|birth_place=Arensburg [[Governorate of Livonia]], [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Kuressaare]], [[Estonia]])
|death_place=[[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]
|placeofburial=[[Nordfriedhof (Munich)|Munich Northern Cemetery]]
|image= Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven.jpg
|caption=
|nickname=
|allegiance=((flag|Nazi Germany))<br />((flag|West Germany))
|branch=[[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] ([[Wehrmacht]])<br />[[German Army]] ([[Bundeswehr]])
|serviceyears=1933–45<br/>1956–73
|rank= [[Generalleutnant]]
|commands=CS [[Armed Forces Staff (Germany)|Armed Forces Staff]]
|unit=
|battles= [[World War II]]
|awards=
|laterwork=
))

'''Alexander Otto Hermann Wolfgang Bernd(t) Freiherr<ref>((German title Freiherr))</ref> Freytag von Loringhoven'''<ref name="Essen1935">((cite book|author1=Nicolai von Essen|title=Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft|url=https://personen.digitale-sammlungen.de/baltlex/Blatt_bsb00000345,00126.html?prozent=|access-date=8 July 2019|date=1935|publisher=Tartu))</ref> (6 February 1914 – 27 February 2007), was a [[Baltic German]] officer in the German Army during [[World War II]]. In 1956, he joined the German Federal Armed Forces, the ''[[Bundeswehr]]'', and rose to the rank of [[Generalleutnant]].

==Early life==
The [[Frydag]], including the [[Freytag-Loringhoven]], family was an [[Uradel|ancient]] [[Baltic nobility|Baltic German noble]] family of [[Westphalia|Westphalian]] origin, originating in [[Münster]]. They were first mentioned in the 12th century (Baron: Livonia, Courland 1198; Master of the Teutonic Order 1485, Gotha Register 1896, 1934 1942). He was born in Arensburg, [[Governorate of Livonia]] (now [[Kuressaare]], [[Estonia]]) to Baron Burchard Haro Charles Napoleon Freytag von Loringhoven and Leonide Klara Oda von Möller. The family left their ancestral home after Estonia proclaimed independence in 1918 and the German land titles and assets were confiscated. After one year of law studies at the [[University of Königsberg]], he joined the ''[[Reichswehr]]'' in 1933. He was promoted to ''[[Leutnant]]'' in 1937.((sfn|Joachimsthaler|1999|p=288))

==World War II==
In late 1942, the tank battalion under Loringhoven's command was encircled during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] counter-offensive at the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]. In January 1943, he was flown out of the pocket and later transferred to the staff of 111th Infantry Division on 2 March 1943.((sfn|Joachimsthaler|1999|p=288)) On 23 January 1943, he was awarded the [[German Cross]] in Gold as ''Hauptmann'' ([[Captain (OF-2)|captain]]) in the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Panzer Regiment, [[16th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)]].<ref>Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 123.</ref> In November 1943, Loringhoven was promoted to [[Major (Germany)|major]]. From July 1944 to April 1945, he served as an adjutant to the Chief of Army General Staff (first, General [[Heinz Guderian]] and then General [[Hans Krebs (Wehrmacht general)|Hans Krebs]]).((sfn|Joachimsthaler|1999|p=288)) 

==Berlin 1945==
Loringhoven's last assignment was as a staff officer responsible for the preparation of reports for Adolf Hitler.  This work required a constant presence in Hitler's entourage.  After 23 April 1945, when Hitler's communications staff began to desert, he had to improvise and he based his intelligence reports on information he was able to gather from the Allied news agencies [[Reuters]] and the [[BBC]]. Hitler was not aware of this.

In the evening of 29 April, he left the ''[[Führerbunker]]'' with [[Gerhard Boldt]] and Lieutenant-Colonel [[Rudolf Weiss]]. That morning, Loringhoven had approached Krebs and asked if he and Boldt could leave Berlin and "return to the fighting troops".  Krebs talked to Burgdorf to get his advice.  Burgdorf approved but indicated that they should take his assistant, Weiss.  Hitler was approached for his approval at midday. Surprisingly, he asked many questions and offered his advice.  Hitler asked, "How are you going to get out of Berlin?"  When Loringhoven mentioned finding a boat, Hitler became enthusiastic and advised, "You must get an electric boat, because that does not make any noise and you can get through the Russian lines."  When he agreed that an electric boat would be best but added that, if necessary, they might have to use a different craft, Hitler was suddenly exhausted.  He shook hands limply with each of them and quickly dismissed the group.((sfn|Beevor|2002|p=351))

All three men left the Reich Chancellery grounds, first crawling and then running under fire to the Tiergarten. From there the men made it to the Zoo station. It had taken them hours to get that far. Loringhoven had packed some food, maps and carried a machine-pistol for the journey.((sfn|de Boer|2021|pp=116–117)) The men had been tasked with trying to reach General [[Walther Wenck]]'s [[12th Army (Wehrmacht)|Twelfth Army]], tell of the dire situation and request relief for Berlin.((sfn|Joachimsthaler|1999|p=288)) The men made it to Pichelsdorf where they obtained a boat from some Hitler Youth and then headed south on the Havel river.((sfn|de Boer|2021|pp=122–124)) By 3 May, Weiss had become separated from his companions and was captured. Loringhoven and Boldt changed into civilian clothes and made it to Wittenberg where they registered under false names at a camp. They soon left and made it to the Elbe river, which they crossed by boat. Then after swimming across the Mulde river, the two men went their separate ways.((sfn|de Boer|2021|pp=124–127))

==Post-war==
Loringhoven almost made it to Leipzig where his family was living, but was detained by a US Army soldier who did not believe his story and put in a jail cell for a few days. Later a British major took him to an interrogation camp at Bad Nenndorf. He then was taken to a camp near Ostend and lastly ended up in Adelheide camp, near Delmenhorst.((sfn|de Boer|2021|p=131)) After his release in January 1948, he lived in [[Munich]], where he became a publisher. He joined the German Federal Armed Forces  (''[[Bundeswehr]]'') in 1956 after [[West Germany]] joined [[NATO]]. He served in various army and NATO positions; his highest rank was lieutenant-general.<ref>((Cite news| issn = 0261-3077| last = Vat| first = Dan van der| title = Obituary: Lt Gen Baron Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven| work = The Guardian| access-date = 2018-01-08| date = 2007-03-28| url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/mar/28/guardianobituaries.germany))</ref> He was later appointed Deputy Inspector General of the Armed Forces and retired from the army in 1973, with full honours.

Late in life, Loringhoven, long a knight of the [[Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)]], actively served the Order as its chancellor and governor.<ref>''Johanniter und der 20. Juli 1944'' (2007); Loringhoven and [[Prince Wilhelm-Karl of Prussia]] wrote this monograph, which appeared in its first edition in 1985, p. 1: Loringhoven served as ''Ordenskanzler'' from 1979-1989 and as ''Ordensstatthalter'' from 1989 to 1992.</ref> At the time of his death at the age of 93, he was one of the last three known living witnesses (along with bunker telephone operator [[Rochus Misch]] and [[Hitler Youth]] courier [[Armin Lehmann]]) to the events in the ''Führerbunker'' at the end of World War II.

==Works==
* Loringhoven, Bernd Freytag von and d' Alançon, François (2006). ''[https://archive.org/details/inbunkerwithhitl0000frey In the Bunker with Hitler: The Last Witness Speaks]'', London, ((ISBN|0-297-84555-1))

== Notes ==
((Reflist))

== References ==
((Refbegin))
* ((cite book |last=Beevor |first=Antony |author-link=Antony Beevor |year=2002 |title=Berlin&nbsp;– The Downfall 1945 |publisher=Viking-Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-670-03041-5 ))
* ((cite book | last = de Boer | first = Sjoerd | title = Escaping Hitler's Bunker: The Fate of the Third Reich Leaders | year = 2021 | publisher = Frontline Books | isbn = 978-1-52679-269-3 ))
* ((cite book |last=Joachimsthaler |first=Anton |author-link=Anton Joachimsthaler |year=1999 |orig-year=1995 |title=The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth |publisher=Brockhampton Press |isbn=978-1-86019-902-8 ))
* ((Cite book
  |last1=Patzwall
  |first1=Klaus D. 
  |last2=Scherzer
  |first2=Veit 
  |year=2001
  |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II
  |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2
  |language=de
  |location=Norderstedt, Germany
  |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall
  |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8
))

((Refend))

==External links==
((Portal|Military of Germany))
*((DNB portal|108111679|TYP=))
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4486379.stm BBC News - Eyewitness: Hitler's last days (Tuesday 26 April 2005)]
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1495045.ece Obituary] from [[The Times]]
*[https://archive.today/20130202011731/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/obituaries.cfm?id=399372007 Obituary from The Scotsman]

((s-start))
((s-mil))
((s-bef | before =	Generalleutnant [[Herbert Büchs]]))
((s-ttl | title = [[Deputy Chief of Staff of the Federal Armed Forces]] | years =1971–1973))
((s-aft | after= 	Generalleutnant Karl Schnell))
((succession box
| before = Generalmajor [[Heinz Hükelheim]]
| after  = Generalmajor [[Hans-Joachim von Hopffgarten]]
| title  = Commander of [[5th Armoured Division (Germany)|5. Panzer-Division]] ([[Bundeswehr]])
| years  = 1 October 1967 – 30 April 1969 
))
((s-bef | before = Generalmajor [[Hans-Georg von Tempelhoff]]))
((s-ttl | title = Commander of [[3rd Panzer Division (Bundeswehr)]]  | years =1 April 1967 – 21 September 1967))
((s-aft | after = Generalmajor [[Walter Carganico]]))
((s-end))
((Final occupants of the Führerbunker))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Freytag von Loringhoven, Bernd Freiherr))
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kuressaare]]
[[Category:People from Kreis Ösel]]
[[Category:Baltic-German people]]
[[Category:Estonian emigrants to Germany]]
[[Category:Deputy Chief of Staff of the Federal Armed Forces]]
[[Category:Lieutenant generals of the German Army]]
[[Category:University of Königsberg alumni]]
[[Category:German Army officers of World War II]]
[[Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross]]

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