Bessel van der Kolk | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1943 The Hague, Netherlands |
| Alma mater | University of Chicago (1970) University of Hawaii (1965) |
| Known for | Post-traumatic stress disorder research |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Boston University School of Medicine Boston State Hospital |
| Website | www |
Bessel van der Kolk (born 1943) is a Dutch psychiatrist, author, researcher and educator. Since the 1970s his research has been in the area of post-traumatic stress. He is the author of The New York Times best seller, The Body Keeps the Score.
Van der Kolk formerly served as president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is a former co-director of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. He is a professor of psychiatry at Boston University School of Medicine and president of the Trauma Research Foundation in Brookline, Massachusetts,[1] which he established after being fired from the Brookline Trauma Center for "creating a hostile work environment," in which he allegedly made employees feel "denigrated and uncomfortable."[2]
Van der Kolk has published over 150 peer-reviewed scientific articles[3] and four books.[4]
Van der Kolk was born in the Netherlands in 1943.[5] He studied a pre-medical curriculum with a political science major at the University of Hawaii in 1965. He gained his M.D. at the Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, in 1970, and completed his psychiatric residency at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, in 1974.[6]
After his training, van der Kolk worked as a director of Boston State Hospital. He became a staff psychiatrist at the Boston Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic. Van der Kolk developed an interest in studying traumatic stress in 1978 while working with Vietnam war veterans suffering from PTSD[5] and serving on the Harvard Medical School faculty. He was a member of the PTSD committee of the 1980 and 1994 editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.[5], and conducted the first studies on the use of fluoxetine and sertraline in the treatment of PTSD.
In 1982, van der Kolk started the Trauma Center in Brookline, Massachusetts while he was working as a junior faculty member at Harvard Medical School.[5] Since then, he has conducted numerous training programs and clinical trials.[7] Van der Kolk has performed extensive studies on the nature of traumatic memory,[8] and took a leading role in the first studies on the psychopharmacological treatments of PTSD.[9] He conducted some of the earliest studies on the biological substrates of PTSD[10] and on stress-induced analgesia.[11] Involved in the first neuroimaging studies of PTSD[12] and Dissociative Identity Disorder,[13] van der Kolk received the first grants from the National Institutes of Health to study EMDR[14] and yoga.[15]
In 1999, van der Kolk initiated the creation of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. By 2019, it had grown to a network of 150 sites specializing in treating traumatized children and their families around the US.[16] In that context he and his colleagues studied over 20,000 traumatized children and adolescents to formulate Developmental Trauma Disorder, which has not yet been accepted within the DSM. He has systematically studied innovative treatments for traumatic stress in children and adults, such as trauma-sensitive yoga, theater, embodied therapies, neurofeedback, and psychedelic therapies.[17]
Since 1989, he has been course director of the annual Boston International Trauma Conference, which brings together leading scientists and clinicians specializing in trauma, developmental psychopathology, attachment studies, body-oriented therapies, theater and expressive arts.[18]
In 2018, van der Kolk was fired from the Trauma Center for having "violated the code of conduct by creating a hostile work environment," according to JRI president Andy Pond. Pond further reported that van der Kolk's behavior "could be characterized as bullying and making employees feel denigrated and uncomfortable."[19] The Trauma Center subsequently closed.[20]
Van der Kolk has a particular interest in developmental psychopathology and the study of how trauma has a differential effect, depending on developmental stage and the security of the attachment system.[21]
Van der Kolk's book, The Body Keeps the Score, was published in 2014. As of July 2023, The Body Keeps the Score had spent over 245 weeks on The New York Times best seller list.[22] By October 2023, it had spent 153 weeks (nearly 3 years) in the United States on Amazon’s bestseller list.[23] It has been translated into 43 languages.
The Body Keeps the Score focuses on the central role of the attachment system and social environment to protect against developing trauma related disorders and explores a large variety of interventions to recover from the impact of traumatic experiences. Van der Kolk coined the term "Developmental Trauma Disorder" for the complex range of psychological and biological reactions to trauma over the course of human development, also known as complex post traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD).[24]
