You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.234.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:36, 2 January 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:40, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:40, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 54.234.187.160. The blocked range is 54.234.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Mountain range in Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine))
((Infobox mountain
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
| name              = 
| native_name       = 
| other_name        = Bieszczady, Beščady, Бещади, Besszádok
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| photo             = Після грози.jpg
| photo_size        = 
| photo_caption     = Mount [[Pikui]], Ukraine. The highest mountain in Bieszczady Mountains
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| country_type      = Countries
| country           = ((enum|[[Poland]]|[[Slovakia]]|[[Ukraine]]))
| subdivision1_type = Regions/Voivodeships
| subdivision1      = ((enum|[[Prešov Region|Prešov]]|[[Subcarpathian Voivodeship|Subcarpathian]]))
<!-- *** Orography *** -->
| parent            = [[Eastern Beskids]]
| borders_on        = ((enum|[[Lower Beskids]]|[[Pogórze Bukowskie]]))
| geology           = 
| orogeny           = 
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
| area_km2          = 
| length_km         = 
| length_orientation= 
| width_km          = 
| width_orientation = 
| highest           = [[Pikui]]
| highest_location  =
| elevation_m       = 1405
| range_coordinates = ((coord|49.283|N|22.483|E|type:mountain_scale:300000|format=dms|display=inline,title))
| coordinates       = 
| map_image         = Vnější_Východní_Karpaty,_c1.svg
| map_size          = 
| map_caption       = Location of Bieszczady Mountains, marked in red color and labeled as C1
))

'''Bieszczady Mountains''' ((IPAc-pl|b|J|e|'|sz|cz|a|d|y)) (((lang-pl|Bieszczady)); ((lang-sk|Beščady)); ((lang-uk|Бещади|Beshchady)); ((lang-hu|Besszádok))) is a mountain range that runs from the extreme south-east of [[Poland]] and north-east of [[Slovakia]] through to western [[Ukraine]]. It forms the western part of the [[Eastern Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians|Eastern Beskids]] (((lang-pl|Beskidy Wschodnie|link=no)); ((lang-uk|Східні Бескиди|Skhidni Beskyky|link=no))), and is more generally part of the [[Outer Eastern Carpathians]]. The mountain range is situated between the [[Łupków Pass]] (640 m) and the [[Vyshkovskyi Pass]] (933 m). The highest peak of Bieszczady is Mt [[Pikui]] (1405 m) in Ukraine. The highest peak of the Polish part is [[Tarnica]] (1346 m).((citation needed|date=December 2018))

Upper parties of Bieszczady are covered with [[montane meadows]] called ''[[Polonyna (montane meadow)|polonyna]]'' (((lang-uk|полонина|link=no)); ((lang-pl|połonina|link=no)); ((lang-sk|polonina|link=no))).

==Term==
[[File:Połonina Wetlińska B1.jpg|thumb|290px|A typical trail on [[Połonina Wetlińska]]]]
The term ''Bieszczady'' has been introduced into English from Polish. In Poland, the term usually refers (in the narrower sense) to the Polish part of the Bieszczady region, while in the wider sense it can also refer to the entire region. In Slovakia, the Bieszczady region is known as ''Beščady'', while the Slovak part of the region is called [[Bukovec Mountains]] (((lang-sk|Bukovské vrchy|link=no))). In Ukraine, the Bieszczady region is known as Beshchady (((lang-uk|Бещади|link=no))), while various parts of the region often have two or more name variants (unstable terminology), usually containing the word ''Beščady'' in combination with some other terms. Historically, the terms ''Bieszczady''/''Beščady''/''Beshchady'' have been used for hundreds of years to describe the mountains separating the old [[Kingdom of Hungary]] from [[History of Poland|Poland]]. A Latin language source of 1269 refers to them as "''Beschad Alpes Poloniae''" (translated as: ''Bieszczady Mountains of Poland'').<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3Bq4AAAAIAAJ Kazimierz Zarzycki, Zbigniew Głowaciński (1986): Bieszczady (p. 7)]</ref>

The Polish [[folk etymology]] holds the term Bieszczady to have stemmed from the terms ''[[Bies]]'' and ''Czad'' (possibly from ''[[Chort]]'') along with the Polish plural ''y'' stem giving ''Bies + czady + y''. Some folk stories connect the origin of the mountains to the demonic activity of the ''Biesy'' and ''Czady'', while other folk stories tell of the mountains being populated with hordes of ''Biesy'' and ''Czady'', hence the name.<ref>Andrzej Potocki. ''Księga legend i opowieści bieszczadzkich''. Libra. 2008 p. 17-20.</ref> Another less probable possibility is the term being related to [[Middle Low German]] ''beshêt'', ''beskēt'', meaning [[Water divide|watershed]].<ref>Zbigniew Gołąb. ''The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View''. Slavica Publishers, Inc., 1992 p. 342. "The Germanic etymology of Bieszczad // Beskid was proposed by prof. [[Jan Michał Rozwadowski]] (1914:162, etc). He derives the variant ''beščad'' from Germc. ''biskaid'', wchich is represented by MLG ''besche'' (''beskêt'') '''Trennung''' and by Scandinavian ''bêsked'', borrowed from [...]"</ref>

==Division==
((See also|Divisions of the Carpathians))
Since there exist many variants of divisions of the mountain ranges and names for the [[Eastern Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians|Eastern Beskids]] (and [[Ukrainian Carpathians]] in general), several divisions are given in the following:

Division 1:
* [[Western Bieszczady]] (((lang-pl|Bieszczady Zachodnie|link=no)); ((lang-uk|Західні Бещади|Zakhidni Beshchady|link=no))) mainly in Poland and Slovakia, including the [[Bukovec Mountains]] (((lang-sk|Bukovské vrchy|link=no)))
* [[Eastern Bieszczady]] (((lang-pl|Bieszczady Wschodnie|link=no)); ((lang-uk|Східні Бещади|Skhidni Beshchady|link=no))), mainly in Ukraine, stretching to the [[Skole Beskids]] (((lang-pl|Beskidy Skolskie|link=no)); ((lang-uk|Сколівські Бескиди|Skolivs'ki Beskydy|link=no)))
[[File:02023 0650 Carynska Meadow photographs taken on 2023-08-12.jpg|290px|thumb|Bieszczady. A panoramic view from [[Połonina Wetlińska]] in the direction of [[Połonina Caryńska]] and [[Tarnica]] peaks.]]
Division 2: 
* Western Bieszczady: between the Łupków Pass and the Użocka (Uzsok Pass - 853 m) with Mt [[Tarnica]] (1,346 m) as the highest peak; the Łupków Pass separating the Bieszczady from the [[Lower Beskids]] and [[Pogórze Bukowskie]]
* Central Bieszczady, between the Użocka Pass and the [[Tukholskyi Pass]], with Mt [[Pikui]] (1405 m) as the highest peak
* Eastern Bieszczady, between the Tukholskyi Pass and the Vyshkovskyi Pass, with Mt Charna Repa (1228m) as the highest peak

Division 3:
In an old Ukrainian division, what is defined here as the Bieszczady in a wider sense corresponds to the western part of the [[Mid-Carpathian Depression]] and to the westernmost part of the Polonynian Beskids.((citation needed|date=December 2018))

==History==
((more citations needed|section|date=December 2018))
Settled in prehistoric times, the south-eastern Poland region that is now  Bieszczady was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the [[Celts]], [[Goths]] and [[Vandals]] ([[Przeworsk culture]] and [[Puchov culture]]). After the fall of the Roman Empire, of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the [[San River|San]]),((citation needed|date=November 2010)) [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]] and [[West Slavs]] invaded the area.

The region subsequently became part of the [[Great Moravia]]n state. Upon the invasion of the [[Magyars|Hungarian tribes]] into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the [[Lendians]] of the area declared their allegiance to the Hungarians. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, [[Kievan Rus]] and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981, when [[Volodymyr the Great]] of [[Kievan Rus]] took the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 [[Casimir III of Poland]] recovered it.

Bieszczady was one of the strategically important areas of the Carpathian mountains bitterly contested in battles on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] of World War I during the winter of 1914/1915.<ref>
"''The Pursuit and Battles at Sanok and Rzeszów (May 6).''—After his severe defeat, [[Radko Dimitriev]]'s plan was to hold the Łupków Pass with his left wing, and, supported upon this, to bring the pursuit to a stand on the line [[Nowotaniec]]&ndash;[[Besko]]-right bank of the [[Wisłok]], where there were positions favoured by the lay of the ground, and then, between the [[Vistula]] and the Wisłok, on the line Wielopole-[[Rzeszów]]&ndash;[[Mielec]].

Here he proposed to reconstitute his units, which had fallen into great disorder, and to strengthen them by bringing up reserves. Troops were sent to him from other fronts, and by the 8th he could again dispose of 18 inf. divs., 5 cav. divs. and 5 Reichswehr bdes. The orders were that the offensive was to be continued with all possible vigour. Mackensen's army was to push forward over the stretch of the Wisłok between [[Besko]] and [[Frysztak]] on [[Mrzygłód]] and [[Tyczyn]], and the [[Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany|Archduke Joseph Ferdinand]] on Rzeszów, while [[Svetozar Boroević|Boroevic]] was to roll up [[Aleksei Brusilov|Brusilov]]'s  VIII. Russian Army in the direction of [[Sanok]]. [[Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli|Bohm's]] II. Austrian Army was to join up corps by corps from the left wing in proportion to the progress of the attack."((cite EB1922|wstitle=Dunajec-San, Battles of the|volume=30|page=864|first=Ernst|last=Joly))</ref>

Up until 1947, 84% of the population of the Polish part of the Bieszczadzkie Mountains was [[Boyko]]. The killing of the Polish General [[Karol Świerczewski]] in [[Jabłonki]] by the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] in 1947 was the direct cause of the replacement of the Boykos, the so-called [[Operation Vistula]]. The area was mostly uninhabited afterward. In 2002, then president [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] expressed regret for this operation.

In 1991, the [[UNESCO]] [[East Carpathian Biosphere Reserve]] was created that encapsulates a large part of the area and continues into Slovakia and Ukraine. It comprises the [[Bieszczady National Park]] (Poland), [[Poloniny National Park]] (Slovakia) and the Uzhansky National Nature Park (Ukraine). Animals living in this reserve include, among others, [[black stork]]s, [[brown bear]]s, [[wolf|wolves]] and [[bison]].

==Hiking trails==
* [[European walking route E8]]
**[[Somár]] - [[sedlo Baba]] - [[Dolná Rakova]] - [[Končini]] - [[Brezová pod Bradlom]] - [[Polianka, Slovakia|Polianka]] - [[Myjava]] - [[Veľká Javorina]] - [[Nové Mesto nad Váhom]] - [[Machnáč]] - [[Trenčín]] - [[Košecké Rovné]] - [[Fačkovské sedlo]] - [[Kunešov]] - [[Kraľová studňa]] - [[Donovaly]] - [[Chopok]] - [[Čertovica]] - [[Telgárt]] - [[Skalisko]] - [[Štós-kúpele]] - [[Skalisko]] - [[Chata Lajoška]] - [[Košice]] - [[Malý Šariš]] - [[Prešov]] - [[Miháľov]] - [[Kurimka]] - [[Dukla]] - [[Iwonicz-Zdrój]] – [[Rymanów-Zdrój]] - [[Puławy (województwo podkarpackie)|Puławy]] – [[Tokarnia (peak)|Tokarnia]] (778 m) – [[Kamień (nad Rzepedzią)|Kamień]] (717 m) – [[Komańcza]] - [[Cisna]] - [[Ustrzyki Górne]] - [[Wołosate]].

==Motorsport==
The mountains were used as a round in the [[2014 International Hill Climb Cup]].

==Literature==
*Prof. Jadwiga Warszyńska. Karpaty Polskie : przyroda, człowiek i jego działalność ; Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Kraków, 1995  ((ISBN|83-233-0852-7)).
*Prof. Jerzy Kondracki. Geografia fizyczna Polski  Warszawa : Państ. Wydaw. Naukowe, 1988,  ((ISBN|83-01-02323-6)).

==Notes==
((reflist))

==Bibliography==
* Rosa Lehmann, "Social(ist) engineering. Taming the devils of the Polish Bieszczady," ''Communist and Post-Communist Studies'', 42,3 (2009), 423–444.

==External links==
((sister project links|auto=1))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070124022739/http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/pnp/bies.htm Bieszczady National Park] - in English, with many links.
* [http://www.zgodzinski.com/galeria/6_g-bieszczady-2005_0.html Bieszczady Photo Gallery (2005)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060419045046/http://www.escapeartist.com/efam/79/Hidden_Europe_Bieszczady_Poland.html Bieszczady]
* [http://www.unesco.org/mab/ecbr/u_mab/general.htm East Carpathians Biosphere Reserve]
* [http://vimeo.com/groups/bieszczady/videos/46561794 The movie "Bieszczady in 38 hours," showing the beautiful landscape of Bieszczady Mountains in Poland]
* [http://vimeo.com/groups/bieszczady/videos/46561794 The movie "Bieszczady in 38 hours," showing the beautiful landscape of Bieszczady Mountains in Poland]
* [https://www.am-cycling.com/bieszczady/ Bieszczady Photostory] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228125413/https://www.am-cycling.com/bieszczady/ |date=2016-12-28 ))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Mountain ranges of the Eastern Carpathians]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Poland]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Landforms of Podkarpackie Voivodeship]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Bieszczady Mountains (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:C-pl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite EB1922 (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convinfobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convinfobox/pri2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Enum (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:IPAc-pl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:If first display both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:If last display both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox mountain (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-hu (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-pl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-sk (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-uk (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Native name checker (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:PAGENAMEBASE (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sister project links (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikidata image (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Native name (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Bieszczady Mountains.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieszczady_Mountains"