1The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the European Union[citation needed] 2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a civil servant. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or firing) from the civil service 3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address 4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks 5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county
Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation:[biˈhor]ⓘ, Hungarian: Bihar megye) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi), Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea.
Toponymy
The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of Biharia. It possibly came from vihor, the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic biela hora, meaning "white mountain".[citation needed] Another theory is that Biharea is of Daco-Thracian etymology (bi meaning "two" and harati "take" or "lead"), possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of Menumorut. Another theory is that the name comes from bour, the Romanian term for aurochs (from the Latin word bubalus). The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania. Under this controversial theory, the name changed from buar to buhar and to Bihar and Bihor.[2]
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998, and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle (for the Castle of Bihar), five wheat stalks with a ribbon, and a scroll with the text of Deșteaptă-te, române!, covered with a fess featuring three fish. It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek, rather than Cyrillic (the original alphabet used to write the poem's text) or the Latin alphabet. The county has no significant history with Greece.[3]
This county has a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi). In the eastern side of the county there are the Apuseni Mountains, with the highest peak being the Cucurbăta Mare (also known as the Bihor Peak), at 1,849 m (6,066 ft). The heights decrease westwards, passing through the hills an ending in the Romanian Western Plain – the eastern side of the Pannonian plain.
In 1938, KingCarol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. Ten ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") – appointed directly by the king – instead of the prefects. Bihor County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.[citation needed]
In August 1940, under the auspices of Nazi Germany, which imposed the Second Vienna Award, Hungary retook the territory of Northern Transylvania (which included part of the county) from Romania. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. In September 1950, the county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania and was replaced by the Bihor Region, whose territory comprised an area similar to the old county. Bihor County was re-established in February 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.[citation needed]
Economy
Bihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania, with a GDP per capita well above the national average. Recently, the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects. Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe, with only 2.4% unemployment, compared to Romania's average of 5.1%.
The predominant industries in the county are:
Textile industry.
Food and beverages industry.
Mechanical components industry.
Metallurgy.
In the west side of the county there are mines for extracting coal and bauxite. Crude oil is also extracted.
According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 551,297 and the population density was 73.1/km2 (189.3/sq mi).[4] 51.1% of its population lives in urban areas, lower than the Romanian average.[5]
The territory of the county was divided into twelve districts (plăși)[9]
Plasa Aleșd (comprising 41 villages, headquartered at Aleșd)
Plasa Beiuș (comprising 62 villages, headquartered at Beiuș)
Plasa Beliu (comprising 30 villages, headquartered at Beliu)
Plasa Ceica (comprising 47 villages, headquartered at Ceica)
Plasa Centrală (comprising 40 villages, headquartered at Oradea)
Plasa Marghita (comprising 43 villages, headquartered at Marghita)
Plasa Salonta (comprising 19 villages, headquartered at Salonta)
Plasa Săcueni (comprising 11 villages, headquartered at Săcueni)
Plasa Sălard (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Sălard)
Plasa Tileagd (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Tileagd)
Plasa Tinca (comprising 26 villages, headquartered at Tinca)
Plasă Vașcău (comprising 44 villages, headquartered at Vașcău)
Within Bihor County there were three urban localities: Oradea (also known as Oradea Mare, the county seat) and urban communes Salonta and Beiuș.
Population
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 510,318, ethnically divided among Romanians (61.6%), Hungarians (30.0%), Jews (4.3%), Czechs and Slovaks (2.2%), as well as other minorities. By language the county was divided among Romanian (61.4%), Hungarian (33.8%), Czech (2.0%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the population consisted of Eastern Orthodox (49.8%), Reformed (21.0%), Greek Catholics (10.7%), Roman Catholics (10.4%), Jews (5.4%), Baptists (2.2%), as well as other minorities.[10]
Urban population
The county's urban population consisted of 102,277 inhabitants, 54.8% Hungarians, 26.4% Romanians, 15.4% Jews, 1% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian (67.9%) predominated, followed by Romanian (24.9%), Yiddish (4.3%), German (1.2%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 31.5% Reformed, 20.6% Jewish, 19.3% Roman Catholic, 17.5% Eastern Orthodox, 9.1% Greek Catholic, 1.1% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.[10]
Map of Bihor County as constituted in 1938
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bihor County.
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