CEL
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1F6W, 1JMY
Identifiers
Aliases	CEL, BAL, BSDL, BSSL, CELL, CEase, FAP, FAPP, LIPA, MODY8, Bile salt-dependent lipase, carboxyl ester lipase
External IDs	OMIM: 114840 MGI: 88374 HomoloGene: 37529 GeneCards: CEL
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[1] Band 9q34.13 Start 133,061,981 bp[1] End 133,071,861 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2 A3|2 19.38 cM Start 28,445,807 bp[2] End 28,453,415 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in body of pancreas pituitary gland anterior pituitary corpus epididymis caput epididymis duodenum right uterine tube right lobe of liver kidney right coronary artery Top expressed in pyloric antrum islet of Langerhans epithelium of stomach duodenum sexually immature organism mucous cell of stomach tracheobronchial tree left lobe of liver spleen large intestine More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function heparin binding acylglycerol lipase activity catalytic activity protein binding hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds carboxylic ester hydrolase activity triglyceride lipase activity sterol esterase activity signaling receptor activity neurexin family protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular region extracellular exosome extracellular space integral component of plasma membrane cell surface synapse presynapse Biological process fatty acid catabolic process lipid digestion protein esterification lipid metabolism cholesterol catabolic process pancreatic juice secretion intestinal lipid catabolic process lipid catabolic process intestinal cholesterol absorption triglyceride metabolic process neuron cell-cell adhesion synaptic vesicle endocytosis modulation of chemical synaptic transmission postsynaptic membrane assembly presynaptic membrane assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1056 12613 Ensembl ENSG00000170835 ENSMUSG00000026818 UniProt P19835 Q64285 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001807 NM_009885 RefSeq (protein) NP_001798 NP_034015 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 133.06 – 133.07 Mb Chr 2: 28.45 – 28.45 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Bile salt-dependent lipase (or BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (or CEL) is an enzyme produced by the adult pancreas and aids in the digestion of fats. Bile salt-stimulated lipase (or BSSL) is an equivalent enzyme found within breast milk. BSDL has been found in the pancreatic secretions of all species in which it has been looked for. BSSL, originally discovered in the milk of humans and various other primates, has since been found in the milk of many animals including dogs, cats, rats, and rabbits.^[5]

Enzymatic activity

More than 95% of the fat present in human milk and in infant formulas is in the form of triacylglycerols (TG).^[6] In adults, TGs are thought to be broken down or hydrolyzed mainly by the colipase-dependent lipase (CDL) enzyme. In the newborn, CDL activity in the duodenum is lower than in adults.^[6]

Both BSDL and BSSL have a broad substrate specificity and, like CDL, are capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerides (in addition to phospholipids, esters of cholesterol, and lipid-soluble vitamins). In particular, they can hydrolyze esters of the essential fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 PUFAs) and DHA.^[7] BSDL production in the newborn pancreas is quite low when compared with production in the mammary gland or adult pancreas.^[8]

However, newborn infants absorb lipids relatively well, considering the low level of CDL and BSDL they produce. This observation has led to the suggestion that BSDL produced by lactating mammary gland and present within milk, may compensate for the low levels of other TG-digesting enzymes and aid newborns in lipid absorption. The importance of BSSL in breast milk for the preterm infant nutrition was suggested at 2007.^[9] It was also directly shown recently.^[10]