The biodiversity of Assam (Assamese: অসমৰ জৈৱবৈচিত্ৰ), a state in North-East India, makes it a biological hotspot with many rare and endemic plant and animal species. The greatest success in recent years has been the conservation of the Indian rhinoceros at the Kaziranga National Park, but a rapid increase in human population in Assam threatens many plants and animals and their natural habitats.

The rhinoceros, tiger, deer or chital / futukihorina (Axis axis), swamp deer or dolhorina (Cervus duvauceli duvauceli), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), hoolock gibbon, pygmy hog or nol-gahori (Porcula salvania), hispid hare, golden langur (Trachypithecus geei), golden cat, giant civet, binturong, hog badger, porcupine, and civet are found in Assam. Moreover, there are abundant numbers of Gangetic dolphins, mongooses, giant squirrels and pythons. The largest population of wild water buffalo anywhere is in Assam.^[1]

The major birds in Assam include the blue-throated barbet or hetuluka (Megalaima asiatica), white-winged wood duck or deuhnah (Asarcornis scultulata), Pallas's fish eagle or kuruwa (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), great pied hornbill or rajdhonesh (Buceros bicornis homrai), Himalayan golden-backed three-toed wood-pecker or barhoituka (Dinopium shorii shorii), and migratory pelican.

Assam is also known for orchids and for valuable plant species and forest products.

Protected areas in Assam

There are several protections in Assam, including several national parks, in particular in the Brahmaputra Valley.

National parks

• Manas National Park (560 km²)
• Kaziranga National Park (320 km²)
• Orang National Park (110 km²)
• Nameri National Park (90 km²)
• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (490 km²)

Wildlife sanctuaries^[2]

1. Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
2. Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
3. Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary
4. Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary
5. Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary
6. Pani Dihing Wildlife Sanctuary
7. Hollongapar Wildlife Sanctuary
8. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
9. Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary
10. Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary
11. East Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary
12. Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary
13. Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary
14. Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary
15. Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary
16. Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary
17. Borail Wildlife Sanctuary
18. Deepar Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
19. Bordoibam Bilmukh Bird Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed)
20. North K. Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed)