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((Use dmy dates|date=September 2021))
((Short description|A name given to various historical regions in Eastern Europe))
((more citations needed|date=March 2008))
[[File:1712. Russie noire, Russie blanche ou polonoise, Volhinie, Podolie.png|thumb|Black Russia (((Lang-fr|Russie noire))) in black on a map by French cartographer Henri Chatelain in 1712. [[White Ruthenia|White Russia]] (((lang-fr|Russie blanche))) in white, [[Volhynia]] in red, and [[Podolia]] in yellow.]]
'''Black Ruthenia''' (((lang-la|Ruthenia Nigra))), or '''Black Rus' '''(((lang-be|Чорная Русь|translit=Čornaja Ruś)); ((lang-lt|Juodoji Rusia)); ((lang-pl|Ruś Czarna))), is a [[historical region]] on the Upper [[Neman]], including [[Novogrudok]], [[Grodno]] and [[Slonim]].<ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=Spečiūnas|first=Vytautas|title=Juodoji Rusia|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/juodoji-rusia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906114251/https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/juodoji-rusia/|archive-date=6 September 2021|website=[[Vle.lt]]|language=Lithuanian))</ref> Besides these, other important parts of Black Rus' are [[Vawkavysk]] and [[Białystok]].<ref name=":1">((Cite journal|last=Sužiedėlis|first=Simas|year=1955|title=Gudų dvejopa invazija|url=https://www.epaveldas.lt/recordImageSmall/LNB/C1BLNB00640D57?exId=202251&seqNr=49|journal=[[Tėvynės Sargas]]|language=Lithuanian|location=Brooklyn, New York, USA|volume=2|pages=47))</ref> The region was inhabited by the [[Balts|Baltic]] [[Yotvingians]] from [[ancient times]] and the name "Black Russia" appeared relatively late.

On the 1712 map of French cartographer Henri Chatelain "Russie noire" (Black Ruthenia) is placed in region of [[Eastern Galicia]] (today [[Western Ukraine]]), which traditionally known as "Russie rouge" (Red Ruthenia).

==History==
The convention of distinguishing different Ruthenian regions by colours was first done by [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] [[Western Europe|Western]] and Central European historians from the 14th to 17th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> It was first done circa 1360 by ((Interlanguage link|Heinrich von Mügeln|de)), referring to the Black and [[Red Ruthenia]] (placing them in modern [[Ukraine]]).((citation needed|date=August 2020)) Some researchers claim that this color naming convention was influenced by the Mongol invaders, who used them for the cardinal directions.<ref>((Cite book|last=Łatyszonek|first=Oleg|title=Od Rusinów Białych do Białorusinów: u *zródeł białoruskiej idei narodowej|date=2006|publisher=Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku|isbn=9788374311205|location=Białystok|trans-title=From White Ruthenians to Belarusians: at the sources of the Belarusian national idea|ol=19715579M))</ref>

Sometimes in the 16th century, the names Black, [[White Ruthenia|White]] and [[Red Ruthenia]] were given respectively to the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]], the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], and Lithuanian-owned Ruthenian lands that were given to [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] during the [[Union of Lublin]].<ref name=":0" />

According to Bancks' book from 1813, Black Russia was composed of the Governorates of [[Kaluga Governorate|Kaluga]], [[Moscow Governorate|Moscow]], [[Tula Governorate|Tula]], [[Ryazan Governorate|Ryazan]], [[Vladimir Governorate|Vladimir]] and [[Yaroslavl Governorate|Yaroslav]].<ref>((Cite book|last=Bancks|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JVHAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Black+Russia%22&pg=PA7|title=The Life of Peter the Great, Formerly Emperor of Russia|publisher=[[Moore & Lake]]|year=1813|pages=7))</ref>

According to [[Alfred Nicolas Rambaud]] in the late 19th century:<blockquote>The Lithuanian territories of Grodno, Novogrodek and [[Belostok]] were sometimes called ''Black Russia''.<ref>((Cite book|last=Rambaud|first=Alfred|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_Russia/Chapter_2|title=History of Russia|year=1898|chapter=2|author-link=Alfred Nicolas Rambaud))</ref></blockquote>

== See also ==
* [[Ruthenia]]
* [[Red Ruthenia]]
* [[White Ruthenia]]
* [[Carpathian Ruthenia]]
*

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((Commonscatinline))

((Ruthenian lands))
((Authority control))
((coord missing|Belarus))
[[Category:Historical regions in Belarus]]
[[Category:Ruthenians in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]

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