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((short description|Annual commemoration and celebration of the life of Irish writer James Joyce))
((for|the first Sunday in May road race in Spokane|Lilac Bloomsday Run))
((EngvarB|date=August 2014))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2020))
[[File:BloomsdayDavyByrnes.jpg|thumb|320px|Bloomsday performers outside [[Davy Byrne's pub]], 2003]]
'''Bloomsday''' is a commemoration and celebration of the life of Irish writer [[James Joyce]], observed annually in [[Dublin]] and elsewhere on [[16 June]], the day his 1922 novel ''[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]'' takes place on a Thursday in 1904, the date of his first sexual encounter with his wife-to-be, [[Nora Barnacle]],<ref>((cite magazine|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=2 July 2012|title=Silence, exile, punning|author=Louis Menand|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/07/02/silence-exile-punning|quote=They walked to Ringsend, on the south bank of the Liffey, where (and here we can drop the Dante analogy) she put her hand inside his trousers and masturbated him. It was 16 June 1904, the day on which Joyce set "Ulysses". When people celebrate Bloomsday, that is what they are celebrating.))</ref> and named after its protagonist [[Leopold Bloom]].

== Name ==

The English [[Compound (linguistics)|compound word]] ''Bloomsday'' is usually used in Irish as well, though some publications call it '''[[:ga:Lá Bloom|''Lá Bloom'']]''' (Bloom's Day, in Irish).<ref>http://www.dast.gov.ie/publications/release.ie.asp?ID=100101 ((dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

==First celebration==
The first mention of such a celebration is to be found in a letter by Joyce to Miss Weaver of 27 June 1924, which refers to "a group of people who observe what they call Bloom's day&nbsp;– 16 June".<ref>Stuart Gilbert, ed., ''Letters of James Joyce'', New York 1957, p. 216.</ref>

On the 50th anniversary of the events in the novel, a Wednesday in 1954, [[John Ryan (artist)|John Ryan]] (artist, critic, publican and founder of ''[[Envoy, A Review of Literature and Art|Envoy]]'' magazine) and the novelist [[Brian O'Nolan]] organised what was to be a daylong pilgrimage along the ''Ulysses'' route. They were joined by [[Patrick Kavanagh]], [[Anthony Cronin]], Tom Joyce (a dentist who, as Joyce's cousin, represented the family interest) and A. J. Leventhal (a lecturer in French at [[Trinity College Dublin]]). Ryan had engaged two horse-drawn cabs, of the old-fashioned kind, in which in ''Ulysses'' Mr. Bloom and his friends drive to Paddy Dignam's funeral. The party were assigned roles from the novel. Cronin stood in for Stephen Dedalus, O'Nolan for his father Simon Dedalus, Ryan for the journalist Martin Cunningham, and Leventhal, being Jewish, was recruited to fill (unknownst to him, according to Ryan) the role of Leopold Bloom. They planned to travel round the city through the day, starting at the [[Martello tower]] at [[Sandycove]] (where the novel begins), visiting in turn the scenes of the novel, ending at night in what had once been the brothel quarter of the city, the area which Joyce had called Nighttown. The pilgrimage was abandoned halfway through, when the weary pilgrims succumbed to inebriation and rancour at the Bailey pub in the city centre, which Ryan then owned, and at which in 1967 he installed the door to No. [[7 Eccles Street]] (Leopold Bloom's front door), having rescued it from demolition. A Bloomsday record of 1954, informally filmed by Ryan, follows this pilgrimage.<ref>Link to an account of this day: [http://members.ozemail.com.au/~maelduin/firstbloom.html An account of the first Bloomsday] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053716/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~maelduin/firstbloom.html |date=4 March 2016 ))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/the-first-bloomsday.html|title=The First Bloomsday: Watch Dublin's Literati Celebrate James Joyce's Ulysses in Drunken Fashion, 1954 &#124; Open Culture))</ref>

==Activities==
[[File:BloomsdayGtGeorgeSt.jpg|thumb|left|Street party in [[North Great George's Street]], 2004]]

===Dublin===
The day involves a range of cultural activities, including ''Ulysses'' readings and dramatisations, [[pub crawl]]s and other events, some of it hosted by the [[James Joyce Centre]] in North Great George's Street. Enthusiasts often dress in [[Edwardian period|Edwardian]] costume to celebrate Bloomsday, and retrace Bloom's route around Dublin via landmarks such as [[Davy Byrne's pub]]. Hard-core devotees have even been known to hold marathon readings of the entire novel, some lasting up to 36 hours.

The [[James Joyce Tower and Museum]] at Sandycove, site of the opening chapter of ''Ulysses'', hosts many free activities around Bloomsday including theatrical performances, musical events, tours of the iconic tower and readings from Joyce's masterpiece.

[[File:James Joyce Tower and Museum2.JPG|thumb|[[Barry McGovern]] Reading from ''Ulysses'' on top of [[James Joyce Tower and Museum]], 16 June 2009]]
"Every year hundreds of Dubliners dress as characters from the book ... as if to assert their willingness to become one with the text. It is quite impossible to imagine any other masterpiece of modernism having quite such an effect on the life of a city."<ref name="Kiberd on Bloomsday">((cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/16/jamesjoyce-classics | title=Ulysses, modernism's most sociable masterpiece | work=The Guardian| date=16 June 2009 | access-date=28 June 2011 | author=Kiberd, Declan))</ref>

On Bloomsday 1982, the centenary year of Joyce's birth, Irish state broadcaster [[RTÉ]] transmitted a [[Ulysses (broadcast)|continuous 30-hour dramatic performance of the entire text of ''Ulysses'']] on radio.

A five-month-long festival, ReJoyce Dublin 2004, took place in Dublin between 1 April and 31 August 2004. On the Sunday before the 100th "anniversary" of the fictional events described in the book, 10,000 people in Dublin were treated to a free, open-air, full [[Full breakfast|Irish breakfast]] on [[O'Connell Street]] consisting of [[sausage]]s, [[Bacon|rashers]], [[Toast (food)|toast]], [[bean]]s, and [[black pudding|black]] and [[white pudding]]s.

The 2006 Bloomsday festivities were cancelled, the day coinciding with the funeral of [[Charles Haughey]].<ref>((cite news|first=Sorcha|last=Griffith|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/charlie-wouldnt-have-cancelled-bloomsday-26379583.html|title=Charlie 'wouldn't have cancelled Bloomsday'|newspaper=Irish Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media|date=15 June 2006|access-date=15 June 2006))</ref>

===United Kingdom===
((more citations needed section|date=June 2017))
[[BBC Radio Four]] devoted most of its broadcasting on 16 June 2012, to a dramatisation of ''Ulysses'', with additional comments from critic [[Mark Lawson]] talking to Joyce scholars. In the dramatisation, Molly Bloom was played by [[Niamh Cusack]], Leopold Bloom by [[Henry Goodman]], Stephen Daedalus by [[Andrew Scott (actor)|Andrew Scott]], and the Narrator was [[Stephen Rea]].<ref>((cite web|title=James Joyce's Ulysses|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jl7l9|work=Radio 4|publisher=BBC|access-date=15 June 2012))</ref><ref>((cite news|last=Dowell|first=Ben|title=Radio 4 to dramatise Ulysses|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/31/radio-4-ulysses|access-date=16 June 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=31 May 2012))</ref>

===United States===
Washington, D.C.&nbsp;– The [[Georgetown Neighborhood Library]], located at 3260 R Street, NW, in Washington, D.C. held a marathon dramatic reading of ''Ulysses'' beginning 9 June and concluding on 16 June 2014 (Bloomsday). Twenty-five writers, actors, and scholars read ''Ulysses'' aloud in its entirety, a project which took more than 33 hours. The reading concluded with opera singer Laura Baxter performing Molly Bloom's soliloquy in its entirety, a feat taking ((frac|2|1|2)) hours by itself.<ref>Washington Post, Guide to the Lively Arts, 6 June 2014.</ref>

[[Philadelphia]]&nbsp;– The [[Rosenbach Museum & Library]] is home to Joyce's handwritten [[manuscript]] of ''Ulysses''.<ref name="Manuscript FAQs">((cite web | url=http://www.rosenbach.org/rosenbach-manuscript-ulysses-faqs | title=The Rosenbach Manuscript of Ulysses FAQs | publisher=The Rosenbach Museum and Library | access-date=28 June 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621092831/http://www.rosenbach.org/rosenbach-manuscript-ulysses-faqs | archive-date=21 June 2011 | df=dmy-all ))</ref> The museum first celebrated Bloomsday in 1992, with readings by actors and scholars at the [[Borders Group|Borders Books]] in [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City Philadelphia]]. The following June 16th, it began the tradition of closing the 2000-block of Delancey Street for a Bloomsday street festival. In addition to dozens of readers, often including Philadelphia's mayor, singers from the [[Academy of Vocal Arts]] perform songs that are integral to the novel's plot. Traditional [[Irish cuisine]] is provided by local Irish-themed [[pub]]s.<ref name="Rosenbach activities">((cite web | url=http://www.rosenbach.org/bloomsday | title=Bloomsday | publisher=The Rosenbach Museum and Library | access-date=28 June 2011))</ref> In 2014, the Rosenbach's Bloomsday festival went on the road, with two hours of readings at the main branch of the [[Free Library of Philadelphia]], an hour of readings at [[Rittenhouse Square]], and concluded with five hours of readings on the steps of the museum, at 2008–10 Delancey Street.<ref>[http://rosenbach.org/learn/events/bloomsday-festival-2014 Bloomsday Festival 2014] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611011723/http://rosenbach.org/learn/events/bloomsday-festival-2014 |date=11 June 2014 )) from the Rosenbach Museum & Library.</ref>

[[New York City]] has several events on Bloomsday including formal readings at Symphony Space and informal readings and music at the downtown Ulysses' Folk House pub.<ref>((cite news | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/books/11bloom.html |title = Stream of Conviviality for Leopold Bloom's Day |work=The New York Times| date=10 June 2010 | access-date=28 June 2011))</ref> The Irish American Bar Association of New York celebrates Joyce's contribution to the First Amendment, with an annual keynote speech named after John Quinn, the Irish-American lawyer who defended Joyce's New York publishers in their obscenity trial in 1922.<ref>((cite web|last=Getto|first=Erica|title=James Joyce Fans: Here's How to Celebrate Bloomsday in New York|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/140659-bloomsday-celebrations/|publisher=WNYC|access-date=20 May 2014))</ref> In 2014, New York celebrated Bloomsday with "Bloomsday on Broadway," which includes famous actors reading excerpts of the books, and commentators explaining the work between segments.<ref>((cite web|last=Goldman|first=Jonathan|title=Bloomsday Explained|date=13 June 2014|url=http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/06/13/bloomsday-explained/|access-date=9 November 2014))</ref> The 2016 celebration includes a juried competition for the Best Dressed Molly and Leopold Bloom, selected from among attendees by a blue-ribbon panel including image strategist Margaret Molloy several design figures.<ref>[http://www.irishcentral.com/news/irishvoice/Joycean-costumes-to-be-celebrated-this-Bloomsday-in-New-York.html Joycean costumes to be celebrated this Bloomsday in New York] Irish Central, 5 June 2016</ref>

Los Angeles, California – Each year Bloomsday is celebrated at the [[Hammer Museum]] with readings, music and libations.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2020/online-bloomsday-2020|title=ONLINE: Bloomsday 2020 &#124; Hammer Museum|website=hammer.ucla.edu|date=16 June 2018 ))</ref>

Kansas City, Missouri – The [[Kansas City Irish Center]] currently hosts the Bloomsday celebration, started at the now closed Bloomsday Books in 1995. Usually a day long event, the center hosts readings, a documentary, a play, Irish dancers and a performance by Dublin balladeer Eddie Delahunt. This has been an annual event since its inception.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.kcur.org/arts-life/2017-06-16/kansas-city-celebrates-formidable-ulysses-by-letting-others-read-it-so-you-dont-have-to|title=Kansas City Celebrates Formidable 'Ulysses' By Letting Others Read It So You Don't Have To|date=16 June 2017|website=KCUR 89.3 - NPR in Kansas City. Local news, entertainment and podcasts.))</ref><ref>[https://bloomsdaybooks.com 2016 program on Tom Shawver's Blog], posted on May 23, 2016</ref>

[[Syracuse, New York]]&nbsp;– The Syracuse James Joyce Club holds an annual Bloomsday celebration at Johnston's BallyBay Pub, at which large portions of the book are either read aloud, or presented as dramatisations by costumed performers.<ref>[http://people.morrisville.edu/~loudismj/jjc/ Syracuse James Joyce Club 26th Annual "Bloomsday" Celebration -  at Nisby's Pub, Sunday, June 16th 2019]</ref>

[[Cleveland, Ohio]]&nbsp;– The Nighttown Restaurant/Jazz Club holds an annual reading of the novel on Bloomsday.((citation needed|date=June 2021))

[[Wichita, Kansas]]&nbsp;– Bloomsday is honoured by a presentation on James Joyce (often by Dr. Marguerite Regan) as well as readings from ''Ulysses'' and Irish folk music, sponsored by the Wichita Irish Cultural Association.<ref>((cite web |url=http://events.kansas.com/wichita_ks/events/show/258709564-bloomsday-2012 |title=Bloomsday 2012: 6/16/2012, 4:00pm at Artichoke Sandwich Bar in Wichita – The Wichita Eagle |publisher=Events.kansas.com |date=16 June 2012 |access-date=7 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808061852/http://events.kansas.com/wichita_ks/events/show/258709564-bloomsday-2012 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |df=dmy-all ))</ref>

[[Norfolk, Virginia]]&nbsp;– The Irish American Society of Tidewater, Virginia, held a Bloomsday Happy Hour at Smartmouth Brewery, on Saturday, 14 June 2014.  Live Irish music was provided by the band Glasgow Kiss, and IAS members attended dressed in Joycean accessories (fedoras, round glasses, eye patches, etc.).((Citation needed|date=June 2021))

[[Portland, Maine]]&nbsp;– Readings from ''Ulysses'' at the Maine Irish Heritage Center, corner of Gray and State Streets.<ref>[https://maineirish.com/ The virtual return of Ulysses for Beginners, Maine Irish Heritage Center 2021]</ref><!-- since 2004 -->

[[Portland, Oregon]] – [[Powell's Books]] hosts a reading of the novel in its entirety for the duration of the day by authors, volunteers, and other Joyce lovers.

[[Worcester, Massachusetts]]&nbsp;– long running annual celebration with readings from Ulysses at 7 sites around the city.  Organized annually by the [[Worcester County Poetry Association]].

[[Tulsa, Oklahoma]] – The Oklahoma Center for the Humanities, Booksmart Tulsa, and the Guthrie Green began an annual Bloomsday [[pub crawl|Pub Crawl]] in the [[Neighborhoods of Tulsa, Oklahoma#Brady Arts District|Brady Arts District]] of downtown Tulsa in 2014.<ref>[https://tulsaworld.com/entertainment/annual-bloomsday-event-to-celebrate-james-joyces-ulysses/article_c102764f-beea-510d-9e1f-cdb0f1191ff9.html Annual Bloomsday event to celebrate James Joyce's 'Ulysses'] Tulsa World  Jun 14, 2016</ref>

[[Phoenix, Arizona]] – the Irish Cultural Center and McClelland Library sponsor a weekend '''Annual Bloomin' Beerfest''' with live Irish music, a costume contest, and live readings.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.azirish.org/bloomsday/|title=Bloomsday &#124; Irish Cultural Center and McClelland Library))</ref>

[[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]] - Sam Masotto (uncostumed) of Bonn Place Brewery celebrates Bloomsday by reciting sections from “Ulysses” behind the bar while onlookers look and drink and wonder ‘why’ - June 16, 2022.

===Australia===
In Sydney, Bloomsday is hosted by the John Hume Institute for Global Irish Studies [[University of New South Wales|UNSW]]<ref name="John Hume Institute">((cite web | url=http://www.arts.unsw.edu.au/faculty/our-schools/JHIGIS | title=John Hume Institute of Global Irish Studies | access-date=28 June 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809012827/http://www.arts.unsw.edu.au/faculty/our-schools/JHIGIS | archive-date=9 August 2011 | df=dmy-all ))</ref> in association with the National Irish Association Sydney and the Consulate General of Ireland, Sydney.<ref name="Sydney Bloomsday">((cite web | url=http://www.sydneybloomsday.com/index.html | title=Bloomsday | access-date=28 June 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821230145/http://www.sydneybloomsday.com/index.html | archive-date=21 August 2011 | df=dmy-all ))</ref>

Bloomsday in [[Melbourne]] has a proud history of engagement with the work of James Joyce. Since 1994, a committee of Joyceans((snd))now known as 'Bloomsday in Melbourne'((snd))has read and re-read Joyce and mounted theatrical events designed to communicate the joy of Joyce to its loyal patrons.<ref name="Melbourne Bloomsday">((cite web | url=http://www.bloomsdayinmelbourne.org.au | title=Melbourne Bloomsday | access-date=15 June 2012))</ref> In 2019 Bloomsday in Melbourne mounted a production of [[Tom Stoppard|Tom Stoppard's]] ''[[Travesties]]'' at [[fortyfivedownstairs]] in [[Melbourne]]. In 2020, Bloomsday in Melbourne created an online series of eighteen short films, corresponding to each of the episodes of ''Ulysses.''<ref>((Cite web|title=2020 Ulysses in Plaguetime ((!)) Bloomsday in Melbourne|url=https://www.bloomsdayinmelbourne.org.au/2020|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Bloomsday Melbourne|language=en))</ref> The films featured well-known Australian actor [[Max Gillies]]. In 2021, Bloomsday in Melbourne announced that it was to present ''Love's Bitter Mystery: the year that made James Joyce,'' as an 'intense immersive theatrical experience' at Melbourne's Villa Alba in [[Kew, Victoria]].<ref>((Cite web|title=Home ((!)) Bloomsday in Melbourne|url=https://www.bloomsdayinmelbourne.org.au/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Bloomsday Melbourne|language=en))</ref> The play, written by Bloomsday in Melbourne's Steve Carey, focuses on a key period in the young James Joyce's life, between his first failed exile in Paris in 1902 and his departure for Europe in September 1904.

===New Zealand===
Bloomsday commenced in Auckland in the year 2000 with a radio transmission of ''Ulysses'' on Access Radio from midnight to 6((nbsp))am, 16 June((snd))the first Bloomsday celebration of the new millennium anywhere in the world. A cabaret show with [[Linn Lorkin]] and the Jews Brothers Band followed next year, 2001, and there has been a Jews Brothers Bloomsday ever since on 16 June, with Brooklyn musician Hershal Herscher as a Woody Allen Bloom and Dublin actor Brian Keagan reading from ''Ulysses''. Currently this three-hour show is hosted by the Thirsty Dog, on Karangahape Road. Guest Molly Blooms have included New Zealanders [[Robyn Malcolm]], [[Noelle McCarthy]], [[Carmel McGlone]], [[Lucy Lawless]], Joe Carolan, [[Geraldine Brophy]] and [[Jennifer Ward-Lealand]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/day-to-re-joyce/7UFAMJGR2SBY3N2AGEJG5LUKSY/|title=Day to re-Joyce|website=NZ Herald|date=17 February 2024 ))</ref><ref>((Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/06/bloomsday-james-joyce-ulysses|title=Bloomsday Is a Travesty, but Not for the Reason You Think|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=16 June 2014))</ref>

===Canada===
A five-day Bloomsday festival has been celebrated in Montreal since 2012 with readings, academic workshops, films, concerts and musical galas, cabarets, walking tours of Irish Montreal, Irish pub events, and guest lectures by internationally known Ulysses experts.<ref>[https://bloomsdaymontreal.com/joyicity-may-2021/ ''Joyicity'', May 2021 newsletter] mentions 10th anniversary, but [https://bloomsdaymontreal.com/joyicity-december-2020/ ''A Brief History of Bloomsday Montréal, from Past President David Schurman''] says the 2011 celebration was in the Fall.</ref> Major partners include the Concordia School for Canadian Irish Studies, McGill University Continuing Education, The Jewish Public Library, Westmount and Atwater Libraries.

===Italy===
There have been many Bloomsday events in [[Trieste]], where the first part of ''Ulysses'' was written. The Joyce Museum Trieste, opened on 16 June 2004, collects works by and about James Joyce, including secondary sources, with a special emphasis on his period in Trieste.<ref name="Joyce Museum Trieste">((cite web | url=http://151.1.32.160/joyce/default.asp?tabella_padre=sezioni&ids=2&tipo=blocchi_sezioni_2&pagina=- | title=Joyce Museum Trieste | access-date=28 June 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326081615/http://151.1.32.160/joyce/default.asp?tabella_padre=sezioni&ids=2&tipo=blocchi_sezioni_2&pagina=- | archive-date=26 March 2012 | df=dmy-all ))</ref>

Since 2005 Bloomsday has been celebrated every year in [[Genoa]], with a reading of ''Ulysses'' in Italian by volunteers (students, actors, teachers, scholars), starting at 0900 and finishing in the early hours of 17 June; the readings take place in 18 different places in the old town centre, one for each episode of the novel, and these places are selected for their resemblance to the original settings. Thus for example "Telemachus" has been read in a medieval tower or on a terrace overlookibg the port, "Nestor" in a classroom of the Faculty of Languages, "Proteus" in a bookshop on the waterfront, "Scylla and Charybdis"  in the University Library, and "Cyclops" in an old pub. The Genoa Bloomsday is organised by the Faculty of Languages and the International Genoa Poetry Festival. <ref>((Cite book |last=Bacigalupo |first=Massimo |title=Bloomsdays. In cammino con Joyce & Company |publisher=Calamospecchia |year=2023 |isbn=9788894641769 |location=Ostuni, BA))</ref> 

===France===
The Paris Bloomsday Group (of Paris-based Irish Joyceans) performs texts and songs from the work of James Joyce in such Parisian venues as the [[Embassy of Ireland, Paris|Irish Embassy]], the [[Irish College in Paris|Centre Culturel Irlandais]]<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.centreculturelirlandais.com/en/agenda/bloomsday-in-paris|title=Bloomsday in Paris &#124; What's On|website=www.centreculturelirlandais.com))</ref> or the [[American Library in Paris]]. Performances are in English with brief forays into French, Italian, Latin and Greek.

===Czech Republic===
Bloomsday has been celebrated annually since 1993 in [[Prague]].  Fans of Ulysses meet just below the [[Strahov Monastery]] near a large grove containing what is now a frequently dried pond. A large historical protected oak tree (pamatný strom) is at one end of the grove and an unrelated cement monolith on the opposite.  People meet every year at 11:50AM. A volunteer reads a section of Aeolus at the noon hour to the pealing of the Strahov monastery's bells.

===Hungary===
Bloomsday has also been celebrated since 1994 in the Hungarian town of [[Szombathely]], the fictional birthplace of Leopold Bloom's father, Virág Rudolf, an emigrant [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Hungarian Jew]]. The event is usually centred on the Iseum&nbsp;– the remnants of an [[Isis]] temple there from [[Ancient Rome|Roman times]]&nbsp;– and the Blum-mansion, commemorated to Joyce since 1997, at 40–41 Fő square, which used to be the property of an actual Jewish family called Blum. Hungarian author László Najmányi in his 2007 novel, ''The Mystery of the Blum-mansion'' (A Blum-ház rejtélye) describes the results of his research on the connection between Joyce and the Blum family.

=== Latvia ===
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic obstacles, [http://www.bloomsday.lv "Bloomsday Latvia" initiative group] organized a limited conference dedicated to the question whether should “Ulysses” be translated once again into Latvian (the first translation and publication of the book was in 1960). This was followed by a promenade through Riga Old Town where passages from "Ulysses" were read along the way which ended at the local Irish pub with further talks and Irish dances.<ref>((Cite web|title=For our Irish friends – Bloomsday Latvia|url=http://bloomsday.lv/for-our-irish-friends/|access-date=2021-01-22|language=en-US))</ref>

===Global===
On Bloomsday 2011, ''@Ulysses'' was the stage for an experimental day-long [[Twitter|tweeting]] of ''Ulysses''. Starting at 0800 (Dublin time) on Thursday 16 June 2011, the aim was to explore what would happen if ''Ulysses'' was recast 140 characters at a time. It was hoped that the event would become the first of a series.<ref name="2011 Tweeting Ulysses">((cite web | url=http://11ysses.wordpress.com/our-tweaders/ | title=Ulysses meets Twitter 2011 | date=2 February 2011 | access-date=28 June 2011))</ref>

==Literary references==
In 2004, Vintage Publishers issued ''Yes I said yes I will yes: A Celebration of James Joyce, Ulysses, and 100 Years of Bloomsday''.<ref name="100 yrs of Bloomsday">((cite book | title=Title Yes I said yes I will yes: a celebration of James Joyce, Ulysses, and 100 years of Bloomsday | publisher=Vintage | editor=Tully, Nola | year=2004 | location=New York | isbn=1-4000-7731-1 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/yesisaidyesiwill0000unse ))</ref> It is one of the few [[monograph]]s that details the increasing popularity of Bloomsday.((who|date=December 2011))  The book's title comes from the novel's famous last lines.

In 1956, [[Ted Hughes]] and [[Sylvia Plath]] were married by special licence of the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] at [[St George the Martyr Holborn|St George the Martyr Church, Holborn]], on 16 June, in honour of Bloomsday.<ref name="Walking Literary London">((cite book | title=Walking literary London : 25 original walks through London's literary heritage | publisher=New Holland | author=Tagholm, Roger | year=2001 | isbn=1-85974-555-5))</ref>

[[Pat Conroy]]'s 2009 novel ''[[South of Broad]]''<ref name="Conroy: South of Broad">((cite book | title=South of Broad | publisher=Sydney: Allen & Unwin | author=Conroy, Pat | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-74237-361-4))</ref> has numerous references to Bloomsday. Leopold Bloom King is the narrator. The book's first chapter describes the events of 16 June 1969 in Leo's story.

In the novel by [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] ''Dublinesca'' (2010), part of the action takes place in Dublin for Bloomsday. The book's main protagonist, Riba, a retired Spanish editor, moves to this city with several writer friends to officiate a "funeral" for the [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] era.

American playwright [[Steven Dietz]]'s 2015 play, ''Bloomsday'', features an American man returning to Dublin in search of a woman he met on a ''Ulysses'' tour years earlier.  The play premiered at ACT Theatre in Seattle, WA.  It received the 2016 Steinberg New Play Award Citation from the American Theatre Critics Association.  It has been widely produced in the United States.

==Popular cultural references==
===In film and television===
In [[Mel Brooks]]'s 1968 film ''[[The Producers (1967 film)|The Producers]]'', [[Gene Wilder]]'s character is called [[Leo Bloom]], an homage to Joyce's character. In the [[The Producers (2005 film)|2005 film musical version]], in the evening scene at the [[Bethesda Fountain]] in [[Central Park]], Leo asks, "When will it be Bloom's day?".  However, in the earlier scene in which Bloom first meets Max Bialystock, the office wall calendar shows that the current day is 16 June, indicating that it is, in fact, Bloomsday.<ref>((cite web|last=Karam|first=Edward|title=Breaking the Code: An Insiders' Guide to the Parodies, Homages and Allusions in The Producers|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/breaking-the-code-an-insiders-guide-to-the-parodies-homages-and-allusions-in-the-producers-com-101518|publisher=[[Playbill]]|date=18 June 2001|access-date=26 April 2019))</ref>

[[Richard Linklater]] alludes to ''Ulysses'' in two of his films.  In 1991's ''[[Slacker (film)|Slacker]]'', a character reads an excerpt from ''Ulysses'' after convincing his friends to dump a tent and a typewriter in a river as a response to a prior lover's infidelity.<ref>((cite web|last=Dulanto|first=Andrea|title=The True Call of Slacker: 20 Years Later |url=https://www.popmatters.com/144632-the-true-call-of-slacker-twenty-years-later-2495988498.html|publisher=[[PopMatters]]|date=29 August 2011|access-date=26 April 2019))</ref> The film also takes place over a 24-hour period. In 1995's ''[[Before Sunrise]]'', events take place on 16 June.<ref>((cite web|last=Rosenbaum|first=Jonathan|title=Spur of the Moment|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/spur-of-the-moment/Content?oid=915922|publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]|date=1 July 2004|access-date=26 April 2019))</ref>

A 2009 episode of the cartoon ''[[The Simpsons]]'', "[[In the Name of the Grandfather]]", featured the family's trip to Dublin and [[Lisa Simpson|Lisa's]] reference to Bloomsday.<ref>((cite web|last=Zimmerman|first=Greg|title=Top 10 Literary Quotes from The Simpsons|url=https://bookriot.com/2012/06/19/top-ten-literary-quotes-from-the-simpsons/|publisher=Bookriot|date=19 June 2012|access-date=26 April 2019))</ref>

===In music===
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[File:james joyce by Brian Whelan.jpg|thumb|upright=.70|James Joyce by [[Brian Whelan]]]] -->
Punk band [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]] have a song on their 1984 ''[[Double Nickels on the Dime]]'' album entitled "June 16th", which is named after Bloomsday.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.hootpage.com/hoot_watt-fournier06intrvw.html |title=mike watt talks w/michael t. fournier about "double nickels on the dime" |access-date=18 June 2014 |publisher=Hootpage.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117121344/http://hootpage.com/hoot_watt-fournier06intrvw.html |archive-date=17 November 2014 |df=dmy ))</ref>

[[U2]]'s 2009 song "[[Breathe (U2 song)|Breathe]]" refers to events taking place on a fictitious 16 June.<ref>((cite web|title=U2's "Breathe"|url=https://penguinrandomhouse.tumblr.com/post/38152002385/u2s-breathe-is-set-on-bloomsday-june-16th|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|access-date=26 April 2019))</ref> Dublin band [[Fontaines D.C.]]’s song “Bloomsday” from their 2022 album “[[Skinty Fia]]” also references the holiday.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/music/fontaines-dc-skinty-fia-review-album-b995328.html |title=Fontaines D.C. - Skinty Fia review: Maturing into one of the very best |website= Evening Standard|date=21 April 2022 ))</ref> Native American alt-folk musician [[Samantha Crain]] released a single named after Bloomsday in 2021.<ref>((Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Samantha Crain's 'Bloomsday' is an empowering anthem for everyone |url=https://www.abc.net.au/listen/doublej/music-reads/features/samantha-crain-new-music-bloomsday/13272070 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Double J |language=en-AU))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

==External links==
((Commons category|Bloomsday))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425002200/http://www.rosenbach.org/bloomsdaycentral/ Bloomsday Central]
* [https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/06/13/bloomsday-explained/ ''Paris Review'' article, "Bloomsday Explained," by Jonathan Goldman]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140424081801/http://jamesjoyce.ie/ James Joyce Centre, Dublin, Ireland]
* [https://www.facebook.com/BloomsdayParis/ The Paris Bloomsday Group]
* [[National Public Radio|NPR]]: [https://www.npr.org/features/feature.php?wfId=1959559 Celebrating the 'Bloomsday' Centennial]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160409165153/http://www.wildgeeseseattle.org/Joyce/Bloomsday/ Seattle Bloomsday readings]
<!-- at least as of 06/2014 re-purposed
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513121628/http://www.bloomsdaynyc.org/? BloomsdayNYC – A collection of Bloomsday events] in the greater New York City area
-->
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/books/11bloom.html Stream of Conviviality For Leopold Bloom's Day&nbsp;– ''New York Times'', 10 June 2010]
* [[BBC News Online|BBC]]: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3812973.stm Fans descend on Joyce's Dublin], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3811171.stm Celebrations mark Joyce centenary], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/04/entertainment_bloomsday_celebrations/html/1.stm In pictures: Bloomsday celebrations]
* [http://www.amseverino.com.br Bloomsday Santa Maria&nbsp;– RS (Brazil): A literary party since 1994]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100226072802/http://www.oficcinamultimedia.com.br/bloomsday.htm Bloomsday Belo Horizonte&nbsp;– MG (Brazil): Celebrated by the Group Oficcina Multimedia since 1990]
* [http://www.rosenbach.org/bloomsday The Rosenbach Museum & Library (Philadelphia)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060922221219/http://www.bloomsdaymusic.com/ The Bloomsday Band (San Francisco)]
* [http://www.bloomsdaypittsburgh.org Pittsburgh's 20th anniversary celebration of Bloomsday]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120326081615/http://151.1.32.160/joyce/default.asp?tabella_padre=sezioni&ids=2&tipo=blocchi_sezioni_2&pagina=- Joyce Museum Trieste]
* [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/pubs-last-orders-close-door-on-literary-legend-1567937.html Front door to No. 7 Eccles Street]
* [http://members.ozemail.com.au/~maelduin/firstbloom.html First Bloomsday] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053716/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~maelduin/firstbloom.html |date=4 March 2016 ))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126054559/http://multitext.ucc.ie/images/thumbnails/1210.jpg Photo: Cronin, Ryan and Flann O'Brien setting off from Martello tower]
* [http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3449/3383079828_245ee5c9b8.jpg Photo: Ryan, Kavanagh, Cronin, Brian O’Nolan, Tom Joyce]

((Ulysses))
((James Joyce))
((Brian O'Nolan))

[[Category:Bloomsday| ]]
[[Category:June observances]]
[[Category:Ulysses (novel)]]
[[Category:Unofficial observances]]
[[Category:James Joyce]]

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