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((Short description|Island of the Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau))
((more citations needed|date=June 2020))

((Infobox islands
| name             = Bolama
| native_name      = Ilha de Bolama
| native_name_link = 
| native_name_lang = pt
| sobriquet        = <!-- or |nickname= -->
| image_name       = Insula Bolama.png
| image_size       = 
| image_caption    = Aerial image of Bolama
| image_alt        = 
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| map_alt          = 
| map_size         = 
| map_caption      = 
| pushpin_map             = Guinea-Bissau<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label           = Bolama
| pushpin_label_position  = 
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| pushpin_relief          = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates      = ((coord|11|33|N|15|32|W|region:GW|display=it))
| etymology        = 
| location         = [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| grid_reference   = <!-- UK only -->
| archipelago      = [[Bissagos Islands]]
| waterbody        = 
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| area_km2         = 65 <!-- or |area_m2= or |area_ha= -->
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| demonym          = 
| population       = 6024 
| population_as_of = 2009
| population_footnotes = 2009 census<ref name=ine>[http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/RGPH_2009.pdf População por região, sector e localidades por sexo censo 2009] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331140142/http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/RGPH_2009.pdf |date=2020-03-31 )), Instituto Nacional de Estatística Guiné-Bissau</ref>
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))

'''Bolama''' is the closest of the [[Bissagos Islands]] to the mainland of [[Guinea-Bissau]]. The island has a population of 6,024 (2009 census).<ref name=ine/> It shares its name with ist largest settlement, the town [[Bolama (town)|Bolama]], which is the capital of the island and the [[Bolama Region]].

It is almost surrounded by [[mangrove]] [[swamp]]s and is known for its [[cashew nut]]s.  Although often visited by local people, the island was apparently uninhabited((dubious|date=August 2020)) when [[United Kingdom|British]] [[colonist]]s settled it in 1792. Following a series of failures, they abandoned the island in 1794, another colonisation attempt in 1814 also being quickly ended.

==History==
In 1792, a group of officers of the [[Royal Navy]] led an attempt to resettle [[Nova Scotian Settlers|Black former slaves from the Americas]] on the island of Bulama off the coast of [[Portuguese Guinea]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/navy-officer-started-anti-slavery-island-off-africa-decades-before-abolition-act-cjbcr0v5d |title=How Britain’s colony without slaves ended in bloodshed |first=Will |last=Humphries |date=4 November 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |location=London))</ref> [[Philip Beaver]] was president of the council of the colonization society; [[Richard Hancorn (Royal Navy officer)|Richard Hancorn]] was vice-president.<ref>[http://calmview.cardiff.gov.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DX635%2F16 Extracts describing the abortive colonization of Bulama island, in the mouth of the Rio Grande river (now Bolama island, Corubala river, Guinea Bissau), in 1792] at [[Glamorgan Archives]]</ref> Most of the settlers died and the survivors abandoned the colony in November 1793 and made their way to [[Settler Town, Sierra Leone|Settler Town]] in what later became the [[Colony of Sierra Leone]].

The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] also claimed Bolama in 1830 and a dispute developed.  In 1860, the British proclaimed the island annexed to [[Sierra Leone]], but in 1870 a commission chaired by [[Ulysses S. Grant]] awarded Bolama to Portugal.<ref>((Cite book|last=Brooks|first=George E.|title=Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: Symbiosis of Slave and Legitimate Trades|publisher=Author House|year=2010|isbn=9781452088693|pages=226))</ref> Subsequently, in 1879, the town of Bolama became the first [[Capital (political)|capital]] of [[Portuguese Guinea]]<ref>((Cite web|date=2017-09-06|title=History of Bolama, the first capital of Portuguese Guinea (1879-1941), as reflected in the Guinean National Historical Archives|url=https://eap.bl.uk/project/EAP266|access-date=2020-06-30|website=British Library, Endangered Archives Programme|language=en))</ref> and remained so until its transfer to [[Bissau]] in 1941. Bissau had been founded in 1687 by Portugal((dubious|date=August 2020)) as a fortified port and trading center. This transfer was needed due to the shortage of fresh water in Bolama. Bolama later became a [[seaplane]] stop, and a seaplane crash in 1931 is commemorated by a statue in the town.

A fruit processing plant was built on Bolama shortly after independence of Guinea-Bissau, with Dutch foreign aid. This plant produced canned juice and jelly of cashew fruit. However, it could not expand and had to shut down its operations, due to the shortage of fresh water on the island.

Attractions on the island include sandy beaches and the abandoned ruins of the town of Bolama. It is also designated as a [[biosphere]] [[nature reserve|reserve]], and the Bissau-Guinean government is aiming for it to be designated the nation's first [[World Heritage Site]].  A [[causeway]] links the island to the [[Ilha das Cobras (Guinea-Bissau)|Ilha das Cobras]].

== Further reading ==
The history of the English colonisation attempt in 1792 is chronicled in the first six chapters of the 2013 book "'''The Ship of Death: The Voyage that Changed the Atlantic World'''" by (professor of history) Billy G. Smith.<ref>((Cite book|last=Smith|first=Billy G.|title=Ship of Death - A Voyage That Changed the Atlantic World|year=2013|isbn=9780300194524|publication-date=2013-11-19))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
*[http://theamericanscholar.org/abolition-gone-wrong/ Abolition Gone Wrong] - article about the failed 1792 English settlement of Bolama

((Bolama Region))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Bolama Region]]
[[Category:Bissagos Islands]]
[[Category:Sectors of Guinea-Bissau]]

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolama_Island"