The Georgi Sava Rakovski Bolhrad High School (Ukrainian: Болградська гімназія імені Г.С. Раковського, Bolhrads′ka himnaziya im. H.S. Rakovs′koho); Bulgarian: Болградска гимназия „Георги Сава Раковски“, Bolgradska gimnazia „Georgi Sava Rakovski“) is a gymnasium (high school) in Bolhrad, Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. Founded in 1858 at the request of Bolhrad's Bessarabian Bulgarian population, the Bolhrad Gymnasium is regarded as the oldest high school of the Bulgarian National Revival.[1][2]
The Russo-Turkish Wars of the late 18th and early 19th century prompted many Bulgarians to leave the Ottoman Empire and settle in the southern domains of the Russian Empire and specifically in the Governorate of Bessarabia. These Bessarabian Bulgarians, together with Gagauz people founded 43 villages in Bessarabia, as well as the cities of Bolhrad and Comrat. As early as 1832, Ukrainian Slavist Yuriy Venelin had suggested that Bolhrad become a centre of Bulgarian culture and education in the Russian Empire; however, the idea was not put into practice at the time.[1]
After the Crimean War (1853–1856), southern Bessarabia (including Bolhrad) came back under the rule of the autonomous Principality of Moldavia. In 1857, Nicolae Vogoride, a Moldavian statesman of Bulgarian origin, became Caimacam (Ottoman-appointed regent) of Moldavia. Bulgarian revolutionary Georgi Sava Rakovski, the school's modern patron, personally lobbied in front of Vogoride for the high school's opening. On 10 June 1858 in Iași, the Caimacam granted trust committee members Nikola Parushev and Panayot Grekov a charter permitting the establishment of the high school. The charter outlined the goals which the school's establishment set, as well as some basic rules. The high school was open to all colonists, so long as they were of Eastern Orthodox confession. Graduating from the Bolhrad High School would require a total of seven years of education, the first three of which were regarded as progymnasium, or junior high school. Latin, Bulgarian, Romanian[3] and Church Slavonic were part of the curriculum.[1]
The school's own edifice was completed in 1873, when Bolhrad and Moldavia had been absorbed by the larger Principality of Romania. The gymnasium was financially independent from state and church, as it relied on income from rents.[3] The first director of the Bolhrad High School was Sava Radulov of Panagyurishte. Between 1858 and 1879, 685 people enrolled at the gymnasium and 214 graduated; of these 214, 203 were ethnic Bulgarians. Notable students included Aleksandar Malinov, Angel Kanchev, Danail Nikolaev, Dimitar Agura, Dimitar Grekov, Ivan Kolev and Aleksandar Teodorov-Balan.[1][2] In 1879, after southern Bessarabia reverted once again to the Russian Empire, the school gradually lost its entirely Bulgarian character. A significant part of the students, however, remained Bulgarians, and the Bulgarian language, history and geography have been part of the gymnasium's curriculum for most of its later existence,[1] including today.[3]
In 1914, the Russian authorities assigned a Bessarabian Romanian, Ștefan Ciobanu, to a teaching position at the gymnasium. After the Russian Revolution of February 1917, he involved himself in the struggle for Bessarabian autonomy, which resulted in the establishment of a Moldavian Democratic Republic on Governorate territory; at an early stage in this process, Ciobanu also represented the local Zemstvo at the Bessarabian Teachers' Congress, where he advocated for a Romanian-centered curriculum.[4] As a result of the 1918 union process Bessarabia was included in the Kingdom of Romania (or "Greater Romania"), a situation which lasted until the Soviet invasion in June 1940. In the 1920s, the gymnasium, known as the "Bolgrad Lyceum" (Romanian: Liceul din Bolgrad), was touched by controversy, with allegations that its headmasters were cultivating Bulgarian nationalism and actively pushing out Romanian teachers, in connivance with the students.[5] During this second Romanian interval, Vladimir Cavarnali, a poet of mixed Bulgarian and Gagauz heritage,[6] was both an alumnus (1928) and professor (1933–1940).[7]
References
^ abcdeManolova, Nadya; Tabakova, Krasimira (2008). "150 години Болградска гимназия" (in Bulgarian). Държавна агенция за българите в чужбина. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
^ abGolovinski, Evgeni V. (2002). "Болградска гимназия „Свети свети Кирил и Методий"". Българска енциклопедия А-Я. BAN. ISBN954-8104-08-3. OCLC163361648.
^ abcIlychenko, Alena. Болградская гимназия (in Russian). Болградская гимназия. Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
^Bezviconi, Gheorghe (1944). "Academicianul Ștefan Ciobanu la 60 ani". Convorbiri Literare. LXXVII (3): 272–273.
^"Invățământul în sudul Basarabiei. Pe mâna cui e lăsată uneori pregătirea viitorilor cetățeni. — Un caz caracteristic: liceul din Bolgrad". Universul. No. 210. September 15, 1924. p. 1.
^Măcriș, Anatol (2008). Găgăuzii. Editura Paco. pp. 104, 128–129.
^Burlacu, Alexandru (2010). "Istoria literaturii. Vladimir Cavarnali: poezia faustică". Metaliteratură. X (1–4): 126.
