Karloff in Bride of Frankenstein
Karloff in Bride of Frankenstein

Boris Karloff (1887-1969) was an English actor. He became known for his role as Frankenstein's monster in the 1931 Frankenstein (his 82nd film), leading to a long career in film, radio, and television.

Born William Henry Pratt in England,[1] he emigrated to Canada in 1909 as a young man and eventually joined a Canadian touring company, adopting the stage name Boris Karloff. By 1919, Karloff moved to Hollywood[1] where he found regular work as an extra at Universal Studios. Although he appeared in numerous silent films, Karloff's first significant roles were in Howard Hawks's The Criminal Code (1931) and Mervyn LeRoy's Five Star Final (1931). While shooting Graft, director James Whale convinced Karloff to star as Frankenstein's monster in Frankenstein, which led to him becoming an overnight superstar. After Frankenstein and starring in several high-profile films such as Bride of Frankenstein (1935)[2] and The Mummy (1932), Karloff spent the remainder of the 1930s working at an incredible pace, but getting progressively involved in lower budget films. In the 1940s, he began to get stereotyped into playing "mad scientist" roles.

Karloff starred in a few highly acclaimed Val Lewton-produced horror films in the 1940s, and by the mid-1950s, he was a familiar presence on both television and radio, hosting his own TV series including Starring Boris Karloff, Colonel March of Scotland Yard, Thriller, Out of This World (British TV series) and The Veil, and guest starring on such programs as Suspense, The Donald O'Connor Show, I Spy and Route 66. He also played Detective Wong (five times) in the 1930s Mister Wong film series. In the 1960s, Karloff worked for Roger Corman at American International Pictures. He also made films in England, Italy and Spain. All told, he appeared in 174 motion pictures. His final American film was Peter Bogdanovich's Targets (1968), in which he portrayed an aging horror film star much like himself.

Filmography

Year Film Role Director Notes
1919 The Lightning Raider Extra George B. Seitz 15-chapter film serial starring Pearl White
an incomplete print exists
The Masked Rider Mexican Roughneck Aubrey M. Kennedy 15-chapter film serial (Karloff appeared in Episode 2 only)
an incomplete print exists
His Majesty, the American Extra Joseph Henabery starring Douglas Fairbanks
a complete print exists
The Prince and Betty Extra Robert Thornby considered a lost film
1920 The Deadlier Sex Jules Borney, fur trader Robert Thornby This film was restored in 2014
The Courage of Marge O'Doone Buck Tavish, a mountain man David Smith considered a lost film
The Last of the Mohicans Huron Indian brave (extra) Maurice Tourneur, Clarence Brown a complete print exists
1921 The Hope Diamond Mystery Dakar: High Priest of Kama-Sita Stuart Paton 15-chapter film serial; Karloff's first major screen credit
a complete print exists
Without Benefit of Clergy Ahmed Khan James Young Based on a short story by Rudyard Kipling
a complete print exists
Cheated Hearts Nei Hamid Hobart Henley considered a lost film
The Cave Girl Baptiste, the half-breed Joseph Franz considered a lost film
1922 The Man from Downing Street dual role as Dell Monckton/ Maharajah Jehan Dharwar Edward José considered a lost film
Nan of the North Extra (Uncredited) Duke Worne considered a lost film[3]
The Infidel The Nabob of Menang James Young considered a lost film
The Altar Stairs Hugo Lambert Hillyer considered a lost film
The Woman Conquers Raoul Maris Tom Forman considered a lost film
Omar the Tentmaker Holy Imam Mowaffak James Young Based on the play Omar Khayyam
considered a lost film
1923 The Gentleman from America Extra (Uncredited) Edward Sedgwick starring Hoot Gibson
considered a lost film
The Prisoner Prince Kapolski Jack Conway considered a lost film
1924 The White Panther Native Alan James considered a lost film[4]
The Hellion Outlaw Bruce Mitchell considered a lost film
Riders of the Plains Extra (Uncredited) Jacques Jaccard 15-chapter film serial
considered a lost film
Dynamite Dan Tony Garcia Bruce Mitchell available on DVD
1925 Forbidden Cargo Pietro Castellano Tom Buckingham considered a lost film
Parisian Nights Pierre, a French Apache Alfred Santell A print exists in a Belgian archive[5]
The Prairie Wife Diego Hugo Ballin considered a lost film
Lady Robinhood Cabraza, a Spaniard Ralph Ince Only the trailer exists in the Library of Congress
Perils of the Wild Extra (Uncredited) Francis Ford 15-chapter film serial based on the novel Swiss Family Robinson
considered a lost film
Without Mercy Henchman George Melford considered a lost film[6]
Never the Twain Shall Meet Villain (bit part) Maurice Tourneur considered a lost film
remade by MGM in 1931[7]
1926 The Greater Glory Scissors grinder Curt Rehfeld aka The Viennese Medley
considered a lost film[8]
The Man in the Saddle Robber Clifford S. Smith starring Hoot Gibson and Fay Wray; considered a lost film[9]
Her Honor, the Governor Snipe Collins, drug addict Chet Withey aka The Second Mrs. Fenway
A complete print survives
The Bells The Mesmerist James Young co-starring Lionel Barrymore; available on DVD
The Golden Web Dave Sinclair, a blackmailer Walter Lang considered a lost film[10]
Flames Blackie Blanchett, a bandit Lewis H. Moomaw Only one reel survives in the Library of Congress
The film's climax was filmed in color
The Eagle of the Sea Pirate Frank Lloyd Based on a novel Captain Sazarac
An incomplete print exists
The Nickel-Hopper Big Bohunk, a masher Hal Yates co-starring Oliver Hardy
Flaming Fury Gaspard, the half-breed James Hogan co-starring Ranger, the Wonder Dog
A complete print exists in the Cinematheque Royale de Belgique
Old Ironsides Saracen Guard James Cruze aka Sons of the Sea; starring Wallace Beery; a complete print exists
Valencia Bit part (uncredited) Dimitri Buchowetzki aka The Love Song; considered a lost film[11]
1927 Let It Rain Crook Edward Francis Cline considered a lost film
The Princess from Hoboken Pavel, a Frenchman Allan Dale considered a lost film
Tarzan and the Golden Lion Owaza, the Waziri native chieftain J. P. McGowan starring James Pierce as "Tarzan"; available on DVD
The Meddlin' Stranger Al Meggs Richard Thorpe considered a lost film[12]
The Phantom Buster Ramón, a smuggler William Bertram considered a lost film[13]
Soft Cushions Chief Conspirator Edward Francis Cline considered a lost film[14]
Two Arabian Knights Ship's Purser Lewis Milestone produced by Howard Hughes
A print exists at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Love Mart Fleming George Fitzmaurice considered a lost film[15]
1928 Sharp Shooters Cafe Owner John G. Blystone A print of this film survives in the UCLA Film and Television Archives
The Vanishing Rider Villain Ray Taylor 10-chapter film serial
considered a lost film[16]
Vultures of the Sea Grouchy, a pirate Richard Thorpe 10-chapter film serial
considered a lost film[17]
The Little Wild Girl Maurice Kent Frank Mattison Prints of this film are held at UCLA Film & TV and at the Library of Congress.[18]
Burning the Wind Pug Doran Henry MacRae, Herbert Blaché starring Hoot Gibson
considered a lost film
1929 The Fatal Warning Mullins Richard Thorpe 10-chapter film serial
considered a lost film[19]
The Devil's Chaplain Boris Duke Worne Survival status unknown
Two Sisters Cecil Scott Pembroke considered to be lost
Anne Against the World Extra (Uncredited) Duke Worne Survival status unknown
The Phantom of the North Jules Gregg, fur thief Harry S. Webb Karloff's last silent film
An incomplete print is available on DVD[20]
Behind That Curtain a Sudanese servant Irving Cummings Karloff's first sound film
features a cameo by Charlie Chan
Available on DVD
The King of the Kongo dual role as Scarface Macklin and Martin Richard Thorpe 10-chapter film serial
A kickstarter project is under way to restore this serial
The Unholy Night Abdoul Lionel Barrymore Based on a story called The Doomed Regiment
A complete print exists
1930 The Bad One Monsieur Gaston, a guard George Fitzmaurice
The Sea Bat Corsican Wesley Ruggles Originally written in 1929 as a Lon Chaney/Tod Browning collaboration[21]
The Utah Kid Baxter Richard Thorpe Western starring Rex Lease
Mothers Cry Murder victim Hobart Henley co-starring Helen Chandler and David Manners; Karloff's involvement is disputed by some sources[22]
1931 Sous les verrous
(French version of Pardon Us) 		The Tiger, a jailhouse prisoner James Parrott Karloff only appears in the French language version of this Laurel and Hardy film[23]
The Criminal Code Ned Galloway, convict Howard Hawks The film that brought Karloff to James Whale's attention
King of the Wild Mustapha B. Reeves Eason, Richard Thorpe 12-chapter film serial
The Last Parade Prison Warden Erle C. Kenton starring Jack Holt; Karloff's appearance is disputed in some sources[24]
Cracked Nuts Boris, a revolutionary Edward F. Cline stars the comedy team of Wheeler and Woolsey[25]
The Vanishing Legion voice of "The Voice", the serial's mystery villain Ford Beebe and B. Reeves Eason 12-chapter film serial; only Karloff's voice appears in this film
Young Donovan's Kid Cokey Joe, a drug dealer Fred Niblo starring Jackie Cooper
Smart Money Sport Williams, a gambler (uncredited) Alfred E. Green starring James Cagney and Edward G. Robinson
The Public Defender The Professor J. Walter Ruben based on the novel The Splendid Crime
I Like Your Nerve Luigi William McGann starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and Loretta Young
Graft Joe Terry, a gangster William Christy Cabanne
Five Star Final "Reverend" T. Vernon Isopod Mervyn LeRoy starring Edward G. Robinson
The Yellow Ticket Lecherous orderly Raoul Walsh starring Lionel Barrymore and Laurence Olivier
The Mad Genius Fedor's abusive father Michael Curtiz starring John Barrymore
The Guilty Generation Tony Ricca, a gangster Rowland V. Lee starring Leo Carrillo and Robert Young
Frankenstein Frankenstein's monster James Whale starring Colin Clive, Edward Van Sloan, Dwight Frye and Mae Clarke
Tonight or Never Waiter Mervyn LeRoy starring Gloria Swanson and Melvyn Douglas
1932 The Cohens and Kellys in Hollywood Himself Mervyn LeRoy Karloff and Tom Mix both appear as themselves in cameos[26]
Behind the Mask Jim Henderson, a hoodlum John Francis Dillon co-starring Jack Holt and Edward Van Sloan
Business and Pleasure Sheikh David Butler starring Will Rogers and Joel McCrea
Scarface Tom Gaffney, a gangster Howard Hawks produced by Howard Hughes
The Miracle Man Nikko, crooked restaurant owner Norman Z. McLeod Remake of a Lon Chaney silent film
Night World "Happy" MacDonald, nightclub owner Hobart Henley starring Lew Ayres and Mae Clarke
The Old Dark House Morgan, the butler James Whale Billed for the first time as KARLOFF
co-starred Charles Laughton and Ernest Thesiger
Alias the Doctor Autopsy Surgeon Lloyd Bacon, Michael Curtiz Karloff's scenes were edited out of the film by the censors due to violence and no longer exist
The Mask of Fu Manchu Dr. Fu Manchu Charles J. Brabin, Charles Vidor, King Vidor Based on the Fu Manchu novels by Sax Rohmer
The Mummy dual role as Imhotep and Ardath Bey Karl Freund Billed as KARLOFF
co-starring Edward Van Sloan and Zita Johann
1933 The Ghoul Professor Morlant T. Hayes Hunter This film was shot in England, co-starring Cedric Hardwicke and Ernest Thesiger
1934 The Lost Patrol Sanders, a religious fanatic John Ford co-starring Victor McLaglen
The House of Rothschild Count Ledrantz, an anti-Semite Alfred L. Werker filmed partially in Technicolor
The Black Cat Hjalmar Poelzig, Satanist Edgar G. Ulmer Billed as KARLOFF
co-starring Bela Lugosi
Gift of Gab Himself Karl W. Freund Billed as KARLOFF
co-starring Bela Lugosi
1935 Bride of Frankenstein Frankenstein's Monster James Whale Billed as KARLOFF
co-starring Colin Clive, Dwight Frye and Ernest Thesiger
The Raven Edmond Bateman Lew Landers Billed as KARLOFF
co-starring Bela Lugosi
The Black Room dual role as Gregor de Berghmann and Anton de Berghmann Roy William Neill
1936 The Invisible Ray Dr. Janos Rukh Lambert Hillyer Billed as KARLOFF
co-starring Bela Lugosi
The Walking Dead John Ellman Michael Curtiz
Juggernaut Dr. Victor Sartorius Henry Edwards filmed in England
The Man Who Changed His Mind Dr. Laurience Robert Stevenson aka The Man Who Lived Again; filmed in England[27]
Charlie Chan at the Opera Gravelle, an opera star H. Bruce Humberstone starring Warner Oland as Charlie Chan
1937 Night Key Inventor Dave Mallory Lloyd Corrigan Billed as KARLOFF
West of Shanghai General Wu Yen Fang, Chinese warlord John Farrow
1938 The Invisible Menace Jevries, a red herring Lloyd Corrigan
Mr. Wong, Detective James Lee Wong William Nigh First of five "Mr. Wong" films Karloff starred in
1939 Devil's Island Dr. Charles Gaudet William Nigh
Son of Frankenstein Frankenstein's Monster Rowland V. Lee co-starring Bela Lugosi, Basil Rathbone and Lionel Atwill
The Mystery of Mr. Wong James Lee Wong William Nigh
Mr. Wong in Chinatown James Lee Wong William Nigh
The Man They Could Not Hang Dr. Henryk Savaard Nick Grinde
Tower of London Mord, the executioner Rowland V. Lee co-starring Basil Rathbone and Vincent Price
1940 The Fatal Hour James Lee Wong William Nigh
British Intelligence dual role as Valdar and Franz Strendler Terrell O. Morse aka Enemy Agent
Black Friday Dr. Ernest Sovac Arthur Lubin co-starring Bela Lugosi and written by Curt Siodmak
The Man with Nine Lives Dr. Leon Kravaal Nick Grinde
Doomed to Die James Lee Wong William Nigh Fifth and final "Mr. Wong" film to star Karloff
Before I Hang Dr. John Garth Nick Grinde co-starring Edward Van Sloan
The Ape Dr. Bernard Adrian William Nigh co-written by Curt Siodmak
You'll Find Out Judge Spencer Mainwaring David Butler co-starring Bela Lugosi and Peter Lorre
1941 The Devil Commands Dr. Julian Blair Edward Dmytryk
1942 The Boogie Man Will Get You Professor Nathaniel Billings Lew Landers co-starring Peter Lorre
1944 The Climax Dr. Friedrich Hohner George Waggner Karloff's first Technicolor film
The House of Frankenstein Dr. Gustav Niemann Erle C. Kenton co-starring Lon Chaney Jr. and John Carradine
1945 The Body Snatcher John Gray, a body snatcher Robert Wise co-starring Bela Lugosi; produced by Val Lewton
Isle of the Dead General Nikolas Pherides Mark Robson produced by Val Lewton
1946 Bedlam Master George Sims Mark Robson produced by Val Lewton
1947 The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Dr. Hugo Hollingshead Norman Z. McLeod starring Danny Kaye
Lured Charles Van Druten, an artist Douglas Sirk co-starring George Zucco and Lucille Ball
Unconquered Indian chief Guyasuta Cecil B. DeMille directed by Cecil B. DeMille; starring Gary Cooper
Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome Gruesome John Rawlins starring Ralph Byrd as Dick Tracy
1948 Tap Roots Tishomingo, an Indian brave George Marshall Filmed in Technicolor; starring Van Heflin
1949 Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff Swami Talpur Charles Barton co-starring Lenore Aubert
1951 The Emperor's Nightingale
aka Cisaruv Slavik 		Narrator only Jiří Trnka Czech animated film; Karloff narrated the English-language version only; filmed in 1949 but released in U.S. in 1951[27]
The Strange Door Voltan, the servant Joseph Pevney starring Charles Laughton; based on a story by Robert Louis Stevenson
1952 The Black Castle Dr. Meissen Nathan Juran co-starring Richard Greene and Lon Chaney Jr.
1953 Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde Charles Lamont
Sabaka
(aka The Hindu) 		General Pollegar Frank Ferrin Filmed partially in India, but Karloff's scenes were filmed in Hollywood; film was previewed in 1953 as The Hindu, and later went into general release in 1955 retitled Sabaka[28][29][27]
1954 The Monster of the Island
(Il mostro dell'isola) 		Don Gaetano Roberto Bianchi Montero Filmed in Italy; aka The Island Monster
Colonel March Investigates
(Feature film version) 		Colonel Perceval March Cyril Endfield Feature film composed of three "Colonel March" British TV episodes
1957 Voodoo Island Dr. Phillip Knight Reginald Le Borg
1958 The Juggler of Our Lady Narrator only Al Kouzel Terrytoons cartoon nominated for a BAFTA Award[27]
The Creation of the World
(aka La creation du monde) 		Narrator (of the English language version only) Eduard Hofman An 83-minute Czechoslovakian/French cartoon; Karloff narrated the English language dubbed version only; film was condemned by the Vatican
The Haunted Strangler
(aka Grip of the Strangler) 		James Rankin Robert Day filmed in England; produced by Richard Gordon
Frankenstein 1970 Baron Victor von Frankenstein Howard W. Koch
Corridors of Blood
(aka The Doctor From Seven Dials) 		Dr. Thomas Bolton Robert Day filmed in England in 1958, co-starring Christopher Lee; released in U.S. in May 1963[30][31]
1960 Who Killed Chung Ling Soo? Narrator only Al Kouzel Five-minute short subject investigating the death of a true-life Chinese magician in 1900[27][32]
1962 Arsenic & Old Lace Jonathan Brewster George Schaefer Hallmark Hall of Fame Made-for-TV film
1963 The Raven The sorcerer Dr. Scarabus Roger Corman co-starring Vincent Price and Peter Lorre; written by Richard Matheson
The Terror Baron Victor von Leppe Roger Corman starring Jack Nicholson and Sandra Knight
Black Sabbath
(aka I tre volti della paura) 		dual role as Narrator and Gorca the vampire Mario Bava Filmed in Italy in 1963; released in U.S. in May 1964
The Comedy of Terrors Amos Hinchley Jacques Tourneur co-starring Vincent Price, Basil Rathbone and Peter Lorre; released in U.S. Christmas Day, 1963[33]
1964 Bikini Beach Art Dealer William Asher starring Frankie Avalon, Annette Funicello
1965 Die, Monster, Die!
(U.K. title: Monster of Terror) 		Nahum Whitley Daniel Haller filmed in England; based on a story by H. P. Lovecraft
1966 The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini Hiram Stokely Don Weis co-starring Tommy Kirk and Basil Rathbone
The Daydreamer (animated film) The Rat Jules Bass Rankin-Bass animated film inspired by the stories of Hans Christian Andersen
Mondo Balordo (Foolish World) Narrator only Roberto Bianchi Montero documentary filmed in Italy; English-dubbed version was released in U.S. in 1969
1967 The Venetian Affair Dr. Pierre Vaugiroud Jerry Thorpe co-starring Robert Vaughn, Roger C. Carmel and Elke Sommer
Mad Monster Party? Baron Boris von Frankenstein (voice only) Jules Bass Feature-length puppet animation film[34]
The Sorcerers Professor Marcus Montserrat Michael Reeves filmed in England; directed by Michael Reeves
Cauldron of Blood
(El Coleccionista de cadáveres) aka Blindman's Bluff 		Charles Franz Badulescu, a blind sculptor Santos Alcocer (credited as Edward Mann) Filmed in Spain in Spring 1967; released in Spain in 1970 posthumously
1968 Targets Byron Orlok, aging horror film star Peter Bogdanovich released in August, 1968
Curse of the Crimson Altar
(U.S. title: The Crimson Cult) 		Professor Marsh Vernon Sewell Filmed in England; released in U.K. Nov. 24, 1968 (the final film released during Karloff's lifetime); released in U.S. in May, 1970 posthumously
Isle of the Snake People
(aka La muerte viviente, Snake People and Cult of the Dead) 		dual role as Karl van Molder / Damballah Juan Ibañez, Jack Hill Filmed in May 1968; released in March 1971 posthumously[28]
The Incredible Invasion
(aka Alien Terror, Invasion siniestra and The Sinister Invasion) 		Professor John Mayer Luis Enrique Vergara, Jack Hill Filmed in May 1968; released in April 1971 posthumously[28]
Fear Chamber
(aka La camara del terror and The Torture Zone) 		Dr. Carl Mandel Juan Ibañez, Jack Hill Filmed in May 1968; released in 1971 posthumously[28]
House of Evil
(aka Serenata macabra and Dance of Death) 		Mathias Morteval Luis Enrique Vergara, Jack Hill Filmed in May 1968; released in 1972 posthumously[28][27][3]

Television and Newsreel Appearances

(Major appearances are highlighted in boldface)

Appearances on Starring Boris Karloff

Karloff acted in 13 episodes of the "Starring Boris Karloff" anthology TV/ radio series in 1949: this show was broadcast as both a TV show and a radio show simultaneously[39]

Stage performances (from 1928 on)

References

Sources

Citations

  1. ^ a b Mank, p. 343
  2. ^ Mank, p. 346
  3. ^ a b c Jacobs, p. 415
  4. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".
  5. ^ "Parisian Nights". Library of Congress American Silent Feature Film Survival Database.
  6. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".
  7. ^ "Never the Twain Shall Meet". American Silent Feature Film Survival Database.
  8. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".
  9. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".
  10. ^ The Library of Congress American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog:The Golden Web
  11. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".
  12. ^ "The Meddlin' Stranger". 1927.
  13. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".
  14. ^ "Lost Film Files - Paramount Pictures".
  15. ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: The Love Mart". silentera.com.
  16. ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: The Vanishing Rider". Silent Era.
  17. ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: Vultures of the Sea". Silent Era.
  18. ^ The Library of Congress American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog:The Little Wild Girl
  19. ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: The Fatal Warning". Silent Era. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
  20. ^ "Karloff Before Frankenstein: The Utah Kid / Phantoms of the North". www.oldies.com. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  21. ^ Pitts, Michael R. (2018). Thrills Untapped: Neglected Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy Films, 1928-1936. McFarland. ISBN 978-1476632896.
  22. ^ "This page no longer exists". Archived from the original on March 2, 2017.
  23. ^ "AFI|Catalog".
  24. ^ Nollen, Scott Allen (1991). Boris Karloff: A Critical Account of His Screen, Stage, Radio, Television and Recording Work. McFarland. ISBN 0-89950-580-5.
  25. ^ "Cracked Nuts: Detail View". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014.
  26. ^ https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/2074
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h Mank
  28. ^ a b c d e Nollen, p. 307
  29. ^ Jacobs, p. 368
  30. ^ Jacobs, p. 422
  31. ^ "Werewolf In A Girl's Dormitory". www.dvddrive-in.com.
  32. ^ "The Death of Chung Ling Soo". October 10, 2017.
  33. ^ Jacobs
  34. ^ Jacobs, pp. 374-475
  35. ^ Jacobs, p. 552
  36. ^ Mank, p. 349
  37. ^ Jacobs, Stephen (2011). Boris Karloff: More Than A Monster. Tomahawk Press. p. 554. ISBN 978-0-9557670-4-3.
  38. ^ Nollen, pp. 403-414
  39. ^ a b Jacobs, Stephen (2011). Boris Karloff: More Than A Monster. Tomahawk Press. p. 551. ISBN 978-0-9557670-4-3.
  40. ^ Nollen, Scott Allen (1991). Boris Karloff: A Critical Account of His Screen, Stage, Radio, Television, and Recording Work. McFarland & Company. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-89950-580-0.
  41. ^ Jacobs, Stephen (2011). Boris Karloff: More Than A Monster. Tomahawk Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-0-9557670-4-3.
  42. ^ Jacobs, Stephen (2011). Boris Karloff: More Than A Monster. Tomahawk Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-0-9557670-4-3.
  43. ^ Jacobs, Stephen (2011). Boris Karloff: More Than A Monster. Tomahawk Press. p. 544. ISBN 978-0-9557670-4-3.
  44. ^ a b Jacobs, p. 545
  45. ^ Jacobs, Stephen (2011). Boris Karloff: More Than A Monster. Tomahawk Press. p. 545. ISBN 978-0-9557670-4-3.

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