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((Short description|United States Army officer (1900–1995)))
((More citations needed|date=September 2023))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2024))
((Infobox military person
| name          = Boris Pash
| birth_name    = Boris Fedorovich Pashkovsky
| birth_date    = ((birth date|1900|06|20|df=yes))
| death_date    = ((death date and age|1995|05|11|1900|06|20|df=yes))
| birth_place   = [[San Francisco]], [[California]], U.S.
| death_place   = [[Greenbrae, California|Greenbrae]], California, U.S.
| image         = Boris Pash.jpg
| caption       = Pash in 1945
| allegiance    = ((ubl|((flag|Russian Empire|1914))|((flagdeco|Russia)) [[White Movement]]|((flag|United States of America))))
| branch        = ((ubl|((flagdeco|Russian Empire|1914)) [[Imperial Russian Army]]|((flagicon image|Naval Ensign of Russia.svg)) [[Wrangel's fleet|Black Sea Fleet]]|[[File:US Department of the Army seal.png|25px]] [[United States Army]]))
| serviceyears  = 1916–1917, 1918–1920, 1938–1957
| rank          = [[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|25px]] [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
| commands      = [[Alsos Mission]]
| battles       = ((unordered list|item_style=margin-left:-1.5em;list-style-type:none|[[World War I]]|[[Russian Civil War]]|[[World War II]]
((unordered list|[[Allied Invasion of Italy]]
|[[Allied invasion of France|Allied Invasion of France]]
|[[Western Allied invasion of Germany|Allied Invasion of Germany]]))))
| awards        = ((ubl|[[Cross of St. George (Russia)]]  |[[Legion of Merit]]|[[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]]))
| alma_mater    = [[Springfield College]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[University of Southern California]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])
))
'''Boris Theodore Pash''' (born '''Boris Fyodorovich Pashkovsky'''; ((lang-ru|Борис Фёдорович Пашковский)); 20 June 1900 – 11 May 1995) was a [[United States Army]] [[military intelligence]] officer. He commanded the [[Alsos Mission]] during [[World War II]] and retired with the rank of [[colonel (United States)|colonel]].

==Early life==
Boris Fedorovich Pashkovsky was born in [[San Francisco]], California, on 20 June 1900.<ref name="papers"/> His father was Reverend [[Theophilus (Pashkovsky)|Theodore Pashkovsky]] (who would become Most Reverend Metropolitan Theophilus from 1934 to 1950), a [[Russian Orthodox]] priest and later archbishop who had been sent to California by the Church in 1894. One of his earliest memories was of the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Kean |first=Sam |title=The Bastard Brigade |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2019 |isbn=9780316381666 |location=New York |pages=42))</ref> 

His father was recalled to [[Russia]] in 1906,<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.sthermansoca.org/page/metropolitan-theophilus/ |title=Metropolitan Theophilus |publisher=Saint Herman of Alaska Orthodox Church |access-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226125944/http://www.sthermansoca.org/page/metropolitan-theophilus/ |archive-date=26 February 2014 |url-status=dead ))</ref> and the entire family returned to Russia in 1912.<ref name="haigerloch">((cite web |url=http://www.haigerloch.de/stadt/kellerenglisch/allison.htm |title=Portrait of Boris Pash by Prof. W. H. Allison |publisher=Stadt Haigerloch |access-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227094723/http://www.haigerloch.de/stadt/kellerenglisch/allison.htm |archive-date=27 February 2014))</ref> His mother was [[Serbian American]] Ella Dabovich, sister of [[Sebastian Dabovich]], a monk who also lived in America and was canonized after death as an Orthodox saint.

In 1916–1917, both father and son joined the ranks of the [[Imperial Russia|Russian army]] as it fought against Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in [[World War I]]: Theodore – as a military chaplain, and 16-year-old Boris – as an artillery private. During the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]], he served in the [[White movement|White]] navy in the [[Black Sea]] from 1918 to 1920 against the [[Bolsheviks]].<ref name="papers"/> Because he could speak English, he served as a translator in meetings with the British. For his services he was awarded the [[Cross of St. George]].<ref name="haigerloch"/>

On 1 July 1920, he married Lydia Vladimirovna Ivanova, and chose to return to the United States when the [[Bolshevik]] consolidation of power became apparent. He was able to secure employment with the [[YMCA]] in [[Berlin]], where his son Edgar Constantine Boris Pashkovsky was born on 14 June 1921.

Upon returning to the United States with his family in 1923, he attended [[Springfield College]], in [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], Massachusetts, where he graduated with a [[Bachelor of Physical Education]].<ref name="papers"/> It was during this time that he changed the family name from Pashkovsky to Pash.

Pash taught and coached [[baseball]] at [[Hollywood High School]] in [[Los Angeles]] from 1924 until 1940, where students included [[Lana Turner]], [[Judy Garland]], and [[Mickey Rooney]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Kean |first=Sam |title=The Bastard Brigade |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2019 |isbn=9780316381666 |location=New York |pages=46))</ref> During this time he continued his education, receiving a [[Master of Science]] in Education from the [[University of Southern California]] in 1939.<ref name="papers" /> He also joined the [[United States Army Reserve]], and was assigned to the Infantry Intelligence Branch. As part of his training, he qualified for certification by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref name="haigerloch"/>

==World War II==
[[File:Pash boris c1.jpg|thumb|left|Boris Pash (right) in April 1945 with the [[Alsos Mission]] in [[Hechingen]]]]
Pash was called to active duty with the Army in 1940, and became chief of counter-intelligence at the IX [[Corps Area]] headquarters at the [[Presidio of San Francisco]].<ref name="haigerloch"/> In that role he became involved with the 1942 Baja Peninsula mission that investigated the possibility of the Japanese establishing a base in Mexico during [[World War II]].<ref name="papers"/>

Pash was also called upon to investigate suspected Soviet espionage at the [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|Radiation Laboratory]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California]]. He interrogated staff, including [[Robert Oppenheimer]], whom he concluded "may still be connected with the Communist Party".((sfn|Jones|1985|p=261)) Pash did not believe that Oppenheimer was a spy. He felt that Oppenheimer's personal honor and concern for his reputation would deter him from such action. Pash therefore did not recommend Oppenheimer's removal from the [[Manhattan Project]], merely that Oppenheimer be accompanied by counter-intelligence agents.((sfn|Jones|1985|pp=261–262))

He was also the military leader of the [[Alsos Mission]], an Allied operation established in late 1943 to determine how far the [[Axis powers of World War II|Axis]] had progressed toward developing [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear weapons]] by seizing facilities, materiel, and scientists related to the [[German nuclear energy project]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Kean |first=Sam |title=The Bastard Brigade |date= |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2019 |isbn=9780316381666 |location=New York))</ref> During this mission, he had a heated run-in in [[Italy]] with [[Moe Berg]], a former [[Major League Baseball]] [[catcher]] turned [[Espionage|spy]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Kean |first=Sam |title=The Bastard Brigade |publisher=Little, Brown |year=2019 |isbn=9780316381666 |location=New York |pages=292))</ref>

==Post war==
After the war, Pash served in various military intelligence positions. He served under General [[Douglas MacArthur]] in [[Japan]] in 1946 and 1947. Thanks to his efforts, the Soviet attempt to gain a foothold in Japan through a local Orthodox Church failed. Instead, Pash organized for the Bishop Benjamin (Basalyga) to arrive in early January 1947 to take the reins, and thus the [[Orthodox Church in America|North American Metropolia]], rather than the then Soviet-controlled [[Moscow Patriarchate]], secured influence in the region. As a result of this combination, Pash had a public clash with the Soviet General [[Kuzma Derevyanko]]. On 9 January, two days after the first sermon of the new bishop, a reception was held at the Dutch embassy at which Pash met his longtime acquaintance, Lieutenant General Derevyanko, who represented the USSR in the Allied Council for Japan. The rival picks of the Russian emigrant and the Soviet commander were well known; in addition, they sometimes played against one another in chess. Shaking the Russian-American's hand that winter day, Derevyanko publicly declared: "My good friend, Colonel Pash, once again checkmated me. Of course, as you can imagine, I'm talking about chess." Boris retorted: "I assure you, gentlemen, that in all other cases it was out of business."<ref>((Cite web|url=http://nlobooks.ru/magazines/neprikosnovennyy_zapas/124_nz_2_2019/article/21196/|script-title=ru:'За веру и бомбу': удивительная жизнь полковника Бориса Пашковского-Пэша|website=НЛО|language=ru|access-date=14 July 2019))</ref>

From 1948 to 1951, he served as a military representative to the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].<ref name="haigerloch"/> During this time, he was in charge of a controversial CIA program called PB-7, which had been formed to handle "[[Wet work|wet affairs]]" like kidnappings and assassinations. There is no evidence that he ever carried out any such activities, and denied that he had in testimony before the [[Church Committee]] in 1975.((sfn|Thomas|1995|p=85)) He served as [[Special Forces (United States Army)|Special Forces]] planning officer with the U.S. forces in Austria from 1952 to 1953. His final postings were back in the United States, as Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence of the [[Sixth United States Army|Sixth Army]] from 1953 to 1956), and in the office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Guided Missiles in Washington, D.C., from 1956 until his retirement from the Army in 1957.<ref name="haigerloch"/> In 1954, he testified in the [[Oppenheimer security hearing]], recounting the misgivings that he had about Oppenheimer in 1943.((sfn|Stern|1969|p=348))

On leaving the Army, Pash became chief of the Eastern European and USSR Division of the Quartermaster Technological Intelligence Agency. In 1961 he transferred to the [[United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center]]. He retired from the civil service in June 1963.<ref>((cite web |url=http://huachuca-www.army.mil/files/History_MPASH.PDF |title=Masters of the Intelligence Art – Boris Pash |publisher=United States Army |access-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123105953/http://huachuca-www.army.mil/files/History_MPASH.PDF |archive-date=23 January 2014 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

In retirement, Pash published ''The Alsos Mission'', a book recounting his wartime experiences in Europe, in 1980. He was inducted into the [[Military Intelligence Hall of Fame]] in 1988.<ref name="SFGate"/> His decorations included the [[Army Distinguished Service Medal]],<ref name="SFGate"/> the [[Legion of Merit]], the [[Order of the British Empire]] and the [[Order of St. George]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.stnicholasdc.org/files/booklets/dedication_booklet.PDF |title=The National War Memorial Shrine of the Russian Orthodox Church of America – Dedication |date=19 May 1963 |access-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110523/http://www.stnicholasdc.org/files/booklets/dedication_booklet.PDF |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

He visited Russia after the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August Putsch]] for the first time since he left the country with the remains of [[Wrangel's fleet]] in 1920, being one of the few White Russian veterans to live to see the end of [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] rule in Russia. Pash died on 11 May 1995 in [[Greenbrae, California]] at the age of 94, and was buried in the Serbian Cemetery in [[Colma, California]]. He was survived by his wife Gladys and son Edgar.<ref name="SFGate">((cite news |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |title=Colonel Boris T. Pash |first=Stephen |last=Schwartz  |date=13 May 1995 |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Colonel-Boris-T-Pash-3033038.php |access-date=21 February 2014 ))</ref> His papers are in the [[Hoover Institute]] at [[Stanford University]].<ref name="papers">((cite web  |title=Register of the Boris T. Pash Papers |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf300002fn/ |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |access-date=9 December 2021 ))</ref>

==In popular culture==
Pash was played by [[Casey Affleck]] in [[Christopher Nolan]]'s 2023 film ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]''.<ref>((cite magazine |first= Clark |last=Collis  |date=21 July 2023 |title=Oppenheimer cast: Who plays who in Christopher Nolan's real-life drama  |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |url=https://ew.com/movies/oppenheimer-who-plays-who-biopic-christopher-nolan/ |access-date=24 July 2023))</ref><ref>((cite magazine |first1=Molly |last1=Moss |first2=Lewis |last2=Knight |date=22 July 2023 |title=Oppenheimer cast: Full list of actors in Christopher Nolan film  |magazine=Radio Times |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/oppenheimer-cast-christopher-nolan-murphy/ |access-date=24 July 2023))</ref>  

He's also a featured character in the book [https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/sam-kean/the-bastard-brigade/9780316381666/ The Bastard Brigade] by [[science]] author [[Sam Kean]]. The book covers the Alsos mission and the general American attempt to thwart the [[Nazism|Nazi]] atomic bomb project. 

==References==

===Citations===
((reflist))

===Sources===
((refbegin))
* ((cite book
 | last=Jones
 | first=Vincent
 | title=Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb
 | publisher=United States Army Center of Military History
 | location=Washington, D.C.
 | year=1985
 | url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf
 | access-date=25 August 2013
 | oclc=10913875
 | archive-date=7 October 2014
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007074359/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-10/CMH_Pub_11-10.pdf
 | url-status=dead
 ))
* Beyda, Oleg (2019). [https://www.nlobooks.ru/magazines/neprikosnovennyy_zapas/124_nz_2_2019/article/21196/ "Za veru i bombu": udivitel'naia zhizn' polkovnika Borisa Pashkovskogo-Pesha] [For God and Nukes: The Astonishing Life of Colonel Boris Pashkovskii-Pash]. ''Neprikosnovennyi zapas: Debaty o politike i kul'ture'', no. 2 (124).
* ((cite book
 | last = Stern
 | first = Philip M.
 | title = The Oppenheimer Case
 | url = https://archive.org/details/oppenheimercases00sterrich
 | url-access = registration
 | location = New York
 | publisher = Harper & Row
 | year = 1969
 | isbn = 0-246-64035-9
 ))
* ((cite book
 | last=Thomas
 | first=Evan
 | title= The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA
 | url=https://archive.org/details/verybestmenfourw00thom_0
 | url-access=registration
 | location=New York
 | publisher=Simon & Schuster
 | year = 1995
 | isbn = 9780684810256
 | oclc = 32697874
 ))
((refend))

==Further reading==
((refbegin))
*((Cite book
| publisher = H. Schuman
| last = Goudsmit
| first = Samuel A.
| isbn = 978-1-56396-415-2
| title = Alsos : The failure in German science
| location = New York
| year = 1947
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/alsos00goud

| ref = none
))
*((Cite book
| last = Groves
| first = Leslie R.
| publisher = Da Capo Press
| isbn = 978-0-306-80189-1
| title = Now It Can Be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project
| location = New York
| year = 1962
| ref = none
))
*((Cite book
| last = Mahoney
| first = Leo J.
| publisher = PhD Dissertation, Kent State University
| title = A History of the War Department Scientific Intelligence Mission (ALSOS), 1943–1945
| year = 1981
| ref = none
))
*((Cite book
| last = Pash
| first = Boris T.
| publisher = Charter Books
| isbn = 978-0-441-01790-4
| title = The Alsos Mission
| location = New York
| year = 1980
| ref = none
))
((refend))

==External links==
((Manhattan Project))
((Portal bar|Biography|Nuclear technology))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Pash, Boris))
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Manhattan Project people]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:People of the Central Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:United States Army colonels]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:White Russian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:White movement people]]
[[Category:People of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:University of Southern California alumni]]
[[Category:Military personnel from San Francisco]]
[[Category:American people of Russian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Serbian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Ukrainian descent]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Anti-communists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:American anti-communists]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from the United States]]
[[Category:Operation Alsos]]
[[Category:Springfield College alumni]]

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Return to Boris Pash.

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