You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 3.87.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 11:04, 19 October 2026.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy: Amazon.
- Start of block: 04:19, 18 April 2019
- Expiry of block: 04:19, 18 April 2024
Your current IP address is 3.87.13.95. The blocked range is 3.87.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((More citations needed|date=May 2015))
((Infobox German location
|imagesize        = 250px
|image_caption    = Borkum from the [[Borkum Great Light]] lighthouse
|Gemeindeschlüssel= 03 4 57 002
|name             = Borkum
|image_photo      = Blick vom neuen Leuchtturm der Insel Borkum in der Nordsee.jpg
|image_flag       = Flagge Borkum.svg
|image_coa        = DEU Borkum COA.svg
|coordinates      = ((coord|53|35|17|N|06|40|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title))
|image_plan       = Borkum in LER.svg
|state            = Lower Saxony
|district         = Leer
|elevation        = 6
|area             = 30.74
|postal_code      = 26757
|area_code        = +49 4922
|licence          = LER
|website          = [http://www.stadt-borkum.de www.stadt-borkum.de]
|mayor            = Jürgen Tönjes Akkermann<ref name=mayor>((cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]))</ref>
|leader_term      = 2019&ndash;24
|party            = Independent
))

'''Borkum''' (((lang-nds|Borkum, Börkum))) is an island and a municipality in the [[Leer (district)|Leer District]] in [[Lower Saxony]], northwestern [[Germany]]. It is situated east of [[Rottumeroog]] and west of [[Juist]].

==Geography==
[[File:Ostfriesische Inseln (Karte).png|thumb|left|Island location (left)]]
[[File:Karte Insel Borkum.png|thumb|left|Island map]]
Borkum is bordered to the west by the Westerems [[strait]] (which forms the border with the Netherlands), to the east by the Osterems strait, to the north by the [[North Sea]], and to the south by the [[Wadden Sea]]. It is the largest and westernmost of the [[East Frisian Islands]] in the [[North Sea]], due north of the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[province]] of [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]].

The island was formed in 1863 by two previously separate islands which were still separated by a shallow water. The seam between the former eastern and western parts is called ''Tüskendör'' ("through in between").

=== Climate ===
Borkum is the only East Frisian island that is under the influence of the North Sea all year round thanks to its ((Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on)) distance from the mainland. The maritime climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream and the west wind zone with correspondingly high humidity throughout the year. This ensures varied weather with much sun and wind but also occasional rain and showers.
Compared to the mainland, there is a climate with much milder winters and cooler summers without extremely cold or hot days. This is due to the buffering effect of the sea, which warms up slowly in spring and summer, but stores the warm temperatures longer in autumn.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.borkum-unterkuenfte.de/Borkum-start/Wetter-Borkum.htm |title=Climate Borkum |language=de))</ref>

==History==
Mentioned as ''Burchana fabaria'' (island of beans) by both [[Strabo]] and [[Pliny the Elder]], Borkum by the time of [[Charlemagne]] was part of a larger island called ''Bant'', which consisted of the present day islands of Borkum, [[Juist]], and the western part of [[Norderney]].

In 1484, Bant passed to the Earls of [[East Frisia]], who developed trade, and the island became known as a centre of piracy and whaling. By 1781, violent storms in the 18th century divided Bant into three islands. As whaling decreased, the inhabitants became impoverished, and many left, with the island's population falling from 852 in 1776 to 406 by 1811. The first tourists arrived on the island in 1834, and the local economy improved as a tourist resort.

In ''Mexico as I saw it'', published by [[Thomas Nelson (publisher)|Thomas Nelson]], [[Mrs Alec Tweedie]], writing in 1911 about a trip of 1900 to [[Mexico]], compares the brick roads of [[Monterrey, Mexico|Monterrey]] with those of Borkum, "the one spot on earth from which [[Jew]]s are banished". This had to do with the aggressive and successful campaign of German tourists to keep Borkum free from Jewish visitors, as celebrated in the [[antisemitic]] "Borkum-[[Lied]]".<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.volksliederarchiv.de/wir-gruessen-heut-im-frohen-lied-antisemitisches-borkum-lied/ |title=Wir grüßen heut' im frohen Lied (antisemitisches Borkum-Lied) |language=de |work=Volksliederarchiv |date=27 April 1903 |access-date=20 December 2011))</ref>

In 1910, British officers Captain [[Bernard Frederick Trench]] and Lieutenant Vivian H. Brandon were imprisoned for espionage for photographing the military installations on the island.

On 19 and 20 December 1934, [[Wernher von Braun]] launched [[Aggregate series#A2|"Max" and "Moritz"]], the two prototypes of the [[A2 (rocket)|A2]]-[[rocket]].

In 1944, the island was the site of the massacre of 7 American POWs. After the war, these murders were prosecuted in the [[Borkum Island war crimes trial]].

==Transport==
The island is partially [[pedestrian zone|car-free]]. Off-season, driving by car is permitted everywhere, otherwise there are [[pedestrian zone|car-free zones]]. The only town on the island is also called Borkum. There is an airfield in the Tüskendör area. Borkum is served by ferries from [[Emden]], Germany and [[Eemshaven]], the Netherlands. The [[Borkumer Kleinbahn]] narrow-gauge railway connects the harbour and the town of Borkum.<ref name="ndr26032018">((cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=https://www.ndr.de/ratgeber/reise/ostfriesland/Dampfzug-Borkumer-Kleinbahn,kleinbahnborkum101.html |title=Borkum: Am Anleger wartet die Kleinbahn |trans-title=Borkum: The light railway is waiting at the pier |language=de |date=March 26, 2018 |website=ndr.de |publisher=[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] |access-date=January 1, 2019 ))</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of ferry boats of the East Frisian Islands]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Wikivoyage))
((Commons category|Borkum))
*((cite EB1911|wstitle=Borkum |volume=4 |short=x))
*[http://www.borkum.de Official site] ((in lang|de))
*[https://www.borkum-unterkuenfte.de Borkum-Unterkünfte - Borkum Accommodations] ((in lang|de))
*[http://www.borkumer-seiten.de Web-Directory with the topic Borkum] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223150401/https://www.borkumer-seiten.de/ |date=2020-02-23 )) 
*[https://www.borkum-perle.de Borkum-Perle - Holiday Home Rental Agency] ((in lang|de))
((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223150401/https://www.borkumer-seiten.de/ |date=2020-02-23 )) ((in lang|de))
*[http://www.ferienwohnung-borkum.biz Web-Directory with the topic Borkum's summer residence] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926123543/http://ferienwohnung-borkum.biz/ |date=2020-09-26 )) ((in lang|de))
((Frisian Islands))
((Cities and towns in Leer (district)))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Borkum| ]]
[[Category:Islands of Lower Saxony]]
[[Category:East Frisian Islands]]
[[Category:Towns and villages in East Frisia]]
[[Category:Leer (district)]]
[[Category:Germany–Netherlands border crossings]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Germany]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Borkum (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite EB1911 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cities and towns in Leer (district) (edit)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix comma category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Frisian Islands (edit)
Template:Hidden begin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hidden begin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hidden end (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Imagemap Germany district LER (edit)
Template:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox German location (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox German place (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/columns (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/metric (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/pref (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-nds (edit)
Template:Link if exists (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Location map (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Max (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Metadata Population DE-NI (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nbsp (view source) (protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns0 (view source) (protected)
Template:Order of magnitude (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Pluralize from text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Polparty (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Population Germany (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Precision (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:Round (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Spaces (view source) (protected)
Template:Str left (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str letter/trim (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unlink (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikidata (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikivoyage (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for clobbered parameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/DE (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/data/Germany (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/data/Germany Lower Saxony (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Location map/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Settlement short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Borkum.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borkum"