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((Use dmy dates|date=September 2019))
((Use British English|date=September 2019))
((More citations needed|date=June 2009))
((Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| static_image_name        = St Michael's Church, Bowness-on-Solway.jpeg
| static_image_caption     = St. Michael's Church, Bowness-on-Solway
| coordinates              = ((coord|54.950|-3.216|display=inline,title|region:GB))
| official_name            = Bowness-on-Solway
| population               = 1,126
| population_ref           = (2011)
| civil_parish             = Bowness
| unitary_england          = [[Cumberland (unitary authority)|Cumberland]]
| lieutenancy_england      = [[Cumbria]]
| region                   = North West England
| constituency_westminster = [[Workington (UK Parliament constituency)|Workington]]
| post_town                = WIGTON
| postcode_district        = CA7
| postcode_area            = CA
| dial_code                = 01697
| os_grid_reference        = NY220623
| pushpin_map              = United Kingdom Allerdale
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in [[Allerdale]], [[Cumbria]]
))
'''Bowness-on-Solway''' is a village in [[Cumbria]], England. It is situated to the west of [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]] on the southern side of the [[Solway Firth]] estuary separating [[England]] and [[Scotland]]. The [[civil parish]] had a population of 1,126 at the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120984&c=CA7+5AA&d=16&e=62&g=6411057&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1434625605874&enc=1|title=Parish population 2011|accessdate=18 June 2015))</ref>  The western end of [[Hadrian's Wall]] is a notable tourist destination, though the Wall itself is no longer to be seen here above ground. The west end of the [[Hadrian's Wall Path]] is marked by a pavilion on the small coastal cliff at Bowness. The village is part of the Solway Coast [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].

==Etymology==
'Bowness' means 'rounded', or bow-shaped headland', from either the [[Old English]] 'boga', 'bow', and 'næss', or, more probably, the [[Old Norse]] 'bogi' and 'nes'.<ref>((Cite book|last=Armstrong|first=A. M.|last2=Mawer|first2=A.|last3=Stenton|first3=F. M.|last4=Dickens|first4=B.|title=The place-names of Cumberland|volume=Part 1|series=English Place-Name Society, vol.xx|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1950|page=123))</ref>

==Roman era==
((main|Mais (Bowness)))
The village is situated on the site of the [[Castra|Roman fort]] called [[Mais (Bowness)|Maia]], the second largest on [[Hadrian's Wall]].<ref name="rombrit">[http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/places/bowness/ ''Maia'' at www.Roman-Britain.co.uk]</ref> There was also a small civilian settlement (''vicus'') outside the south gate of this fort.<ref name="rombrit"/>

==Governance==
Bowness-on-Solway is part of the [[United Kingdom Parliament constituencies|parliamentary constituency]] of [[Workington (UK Parliament constituency)|Workington]]. In the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|December 2019 general election]], the [[Tory]] candidate for Workington, [[Mark Jenkinson]], was elected the [[Member of Parliament|MP]], overturning a 9.4 per cent Labour majority from the 2017 election to eject shadow environment secretary [[Sue Hayman]] by a margin of 4,136 votes.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/E14001053|title=Workington parliamentary constituency – Election 2019))</ref> Until the December 2019 general election the Labour Party had won the seat in the constituency in every general election since 1979, while the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] had only been elected once in Workington since [[World War II]], at the 1976 by-election.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_multi_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POL&data_cube=N_POL_PARTY&u_id=12737403&c_id=10090283 |title=A vision of Britain website – general elections section |accessdate=27 April 2012))</ref>

Before [[Brexit]], it was in the [[North West England (European Parliament constituency)|North West England]] European Parliamentary Constituency.

For [[Local Government]] purposes it is in the [[Cumberland (unitary authority)|Cumberland]] [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority area]].

==St Michael's Church==
((main|St Michael's Church, Bowness-on-Solway))
The church sits atop what may have been the [[wheat|granary]] for the Roman fort in the 12th century.  The two original [[church bell|bell]]s were stolen by border raiders in 1626, accidentally dropping them in the Solway during their flight. In retaliation, the villagers raided [[Dornock]] and [[Middlebie]] in Scotland, making off with a new pair of bells. Traditionally, on inception, the [[vicar]] of [[Annan, Dumfries and Galloway|Annan]] petitions the village's neighbours for the return of his bells.

==Solway Viaduct==

In 1869, the [[Solway Junction Railway]] was opened, connecting the [[Maryport and Carlisle Railway]] to the Scottish railway system more directly than the existing route through [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]], by a 1.1 mile (2.161 km) iron [[girder]] [[viaduct]] (the remains of which can still be seen) across the Solway between [[Bowness railway station|Bowness-on-Solway]] and [[Annan, Dumfries and Galloway|Annan]] in Scotland.<ref>((cite web| url = http://www.visitcumbria.com/car/solway-junction-railway/| title = Solway Junction Railway - Visit Cumbria)) </ref>
The construction of the viaduct prevented ships entering the upper Solway and hence destroyed the trade of [[Port Carlisle]], which had already been largely supplanted by the construction of a wet dock at [[Silloth]].  The viaduct suffered minor frost damage in 1875; in 1881 large sections of it were destroyed by ice floes, but the viaduct was rebuilt. The railway never lived up to its promoters' expectations, and in 1914 it was restricted to carrying [[Cargo|goods]] only. In 1921 the railway was closed entirely, and in 1934 the [[viaduct]] was demolished.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Bowness on Solway main street - geograph.org.uk - 40490.jpg|Bowness main street
File:Pavilion at the start and end of the Hadrian's Wall Path at Bowness, Cumberland - geograph-2884530.jpg|Pavilion at the west end of the Hadrian's Wall Path

File:Solway viadust remains 1.jpg|Remains of Solway viaduct - English side 2018
File:Bowness-on-Solway Station (converted) 1868182 c14d22bb.jpg|The station building in 1961

File:Lindow Hall, Bowness on Solway - geograph.org.uk - 86241.jpg|Lindow Hall, Bowness
</gallery>

==See also==
((portal|Cumbria))
*[[Listed buildings in Bowness]]
*[[Hadrian's Wall Path]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Bowness-on-Solway))
*[http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk/township/bowness-solway Cumbria County History Trust: Bowness-on-Solway] (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060909173456/http://www.visitcumbria.com/car/bowness-on-solway.htm VisitCumbria]
* [http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/location.php?url=bowness-on-solway TheCumbriaDirectory]

((authority control))

[[Category:Villages in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Cumberland (unitary authority)]]

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